Xiying Zeng
Xiying Zeng
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yinxiang Huang
Yinxiang Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mulin Zhang
Mulin Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yun Chen
Yun Chen
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Jiawen Ye
Jiawen Ye
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yan Han
Yan Han
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Danyan Ma
Danyan Ma
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xin Zheng
Xin Zheng
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiaohong Yan
Xiaohong Yan
Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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. Obesity could be generally divided into general obesity which is commonly evaluated by BMI and central obesity with waist circumference (WC) as the most common measure ( 20 ). Although imaging approaches, such as CT and MRI, are gold standards for
Ying Hua
Ying Hua
Department of Administrative Office, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jinqiong Fang
Jinqiong Fang
Department of Administrative Office, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xiaocong Yao
Xiaocong Yao
Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhongxin Zhu
Zhongxin Zhu
Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Clinical Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Department of Clinical Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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on bone health, more recent research has revealed a positive association between obesity and bone fractures ( 6 ). Waist circumference (WC), which is an easy-to-determine clinical parameter, has been proposed to assess central obesity in
Silan Zheng
Silan Zheng
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Meifeng Tong
Meifeng Tong
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lianqin Dong
Lianqin Dong
The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Chunmin Du
Chunmin Du
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xin Zheng
Xin Zheng
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Liying Wang
Liying Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Peiying Huang
Peiying Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Wei Liu
Wei Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mingzhu Lin
Mingzhu Lin
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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. Previous studies indicated that waist circumference (WC) ( 11 ) and BMI ( 12 ) are useful predictive factors for risk of NAFLD. Recently, different metabolic indices combining both anthropometric and lipid measures have been used as a valuable indicator of
Ahmet Uçar
Ahmet Uçar
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Nurçin Saka
Nurçin Saka
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Firdevs Baş
Firdevs Baş
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Nihal Hatipoğlu
Nihal Hatipoğlu
Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rüveyde Bundak
Rüveyde Bundak
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Feyza Darendeliler
Feyza Darendeliler
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waist circumference (WC) as reliable indices of adiposity are excluded, as these are well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis in non-PA children as well. In order to test our hypothesis, we carried out a cross-sectional study by evaluating girls
Alessandro Ciresi
Alessandro Ciresi
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Stefano Radellini
Stefano Radellini
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Valentina Guarnotta
Valentina Guarnotta
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Maria Grazia Mineo
Maria Grazia Mineo
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Carla Giordano
Carla Giordano
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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to 0.030–0.032 mg/kg from month 18 to 24 in order to achieve the above-mentioned targets. Study protocol In all children at baseline, we measured body height (expressed as s.d. ), BMI s.d. and waist circumference (WC). GH secretion was
Valentina Guarnotta
Valentina Guarnotta
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Silvia Lucchese
Silvia Lucchese
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Mariagrazia Irene Mineo
Mariagrazia Irene Mineo
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Donatella Mangione
Donatella Mangione
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Renato Venezia
Renato Venezia
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Piero Luigi Almasio
Piero Luigi Almasio
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Carla Giordano
Carla Giordano
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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data were obtained from our databases: family history of diabetes, age of menarche, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) score. At the time of diagnosis of PP, girls were tested for FSH, LH, 17b-estradiol (E2), 17OH
Eliana Piantanida
Eliana Piantanida
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Daniela Gallo
Daniela Gallo
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Giovanni Veronesi
Giovanni Veronesi
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Eugenia Dozio
Eugenia Dozio
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Eugenia Trotti
Eugenia Trotti
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Adriana Lai
Adriana Lai
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Silvia Ippolito
Silvia Ippolito
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Jessica Sabatino
Jessica Sabatino
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Maria Laura Tanda
Maria Laura Tanda
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Antonio Toniolo
Antonio Toniolo
Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Marco Ferrario
Marco Ferrario
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Luigi Bartalena
Luigi Bartalena
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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classified as follows: grade I obesity for BMI 30–34.99 kg/m 2 , grade II obesity 35–39.99 kg/m 2 and grade III obesity BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 . To identify abdominal distribution of fat, we referred to ethnic group definition for waist circumference (WC) (male ≥94
Jie Shi
Jie Shi
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhen Yang
Zhen Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yixin Niu
Yixin Niu
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Weiwei Zhang
Weiwei Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ning Lin
Ning Lin
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoyong Li
Xiaoyong Li
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hongmei Zhang
Hongmei Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hongxia Gu
Hongxia Gu
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jie Wen
Jie Wen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Guang Ning
Guang Ning
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li Qin
Li Qin
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qing Su
Qing Su
Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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waist circumference form the reference group. Figure 3 The association of thigh circumference with hypertension in different subgroups of waist circumference. WC, waist circumference; TC, thigh circumference. Model 1 was unadjusted; Model 2 was
Valeria Hirschler
Valeria Hirschler
University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Claudia Molinari
Claudia Molinari
University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Silvia Lapertosa
Silvia Lapertosa
UNNE, Corrientes, Argentina
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Gustavo Maccallini
Gustavo Maccallini
Hidalgo Laboratories, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Claudio D Gonzalez
Claudio D Gonzalez
CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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, according to waist circumference (WC) cutoff, had the highest mortality risk compared with normal-weight subjects without central OB ( 6 ). Location is key when it comes to body fat distribution and is the main contributor to cardiometabolic risk ( 7 ). Our
Sun Fei
Sun Fei
Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Min Liu
Min Liu
Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Hu Shanshan
Hu Shanshan
Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Ruijie Xie
Ruijie Xie
Department of Microsurgery, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Wu Danni
Wu Danni
Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhou Ningying
Zhou Ningying
Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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depression are not yet unified ( 10 ). Obesity promotes an increased risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases, which may depend on abdominal fat and its function ( 11 ). Currently, most studies use body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to
