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Aaron Lerner B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Patricia Jeremias AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Torsten Matthias AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Introduction Hashimoto's thyroiditis Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune endocrine diseases, characterized by an autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland. Initially considered a rarity, HT has now

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0021
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Madalena von Hafe Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Sergio Neves Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal

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Catarina Vale Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Marta Borges-Canha Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal

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Adelino Leite-Moreira Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Introduction Thyroid hormones (THs) play fundamental roles in cardiovascular homeostasis ( 1 ). Given that cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent illnesses worldwide, causing substantial mortality, morbidity and hospitalization

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0096
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Caihong Xin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, P.R. China

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Lijuan Niu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China

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Huaying Fan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China

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Jing Xie Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China

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Xin Sun Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China

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lymph nodes. Some patients are diagnosed in the physical examination without obvious clinical symptoms ( 4 ). The first case of sarcoidosis and thyroid disease was reported in 1938 ( 5 ). Recently, studies about the relationship between sarcoidosis and

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0157
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 9
Open access
Line Tang Møllehave Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Marie Holm Eliasen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Ieva Strēle The Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia

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Allan Linneberg Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes Nuclear Medicine Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Ludmila B Ivanova Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University St. Kl. Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Zvonko Kusić Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

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Iris Erlund Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Endre V Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Landspitali-National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Jonathan Eli Arbelle Division of Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
Goldman School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

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Aaron Milton Troen The Institute of Biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Valdis Pīrāgs Internal Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

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Lisbeth Dahl Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland

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Malgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland

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João Jacome de Castro Endocrine Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Mafalda Marcelino Endocrine Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Simona Gaberšček Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Katja Zaltel Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Manuel Puig-Domingo Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias Research Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Lluis Vila Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Moisés Broggi, Sant Juan Despi, Barcelona, Spain

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Sofia Manousou Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
Frölunda Specialist Hospital, Västra Frölunda, Sweden

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Helena Filipsson Nyström Department of Endocrinology, Specialist Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Wallenberg Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Michael Bruce Zimmermann Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Karen R Mullan Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK

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Jayne Valerie Woodside Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Introduction Register-based data on treatments and diagnoses of thyroid disease can be used as proxies for thyroid disease frequency in a population. This has, for example, been successfully utilized in Denmark ( 1 ). In many European

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0525
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Katrine Hass Rubin OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Mads Nybo Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Bo Abrahamsen OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Marianne Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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antibodies ( 8 ). A recent meta-analysis reported an odds ratio (OR) of 3.3 (95% CI 2.3–4.6) for autoimmune thyroid disease in women with PCOS ( 9 ). The risk of overt hypothyroidism in PCOS is less described than the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. In a

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0377
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 10
Open access
L E Zijlstra Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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D M van Velzen Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands

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S Simsek Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands

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S P Mooijaart Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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M van Buren Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, HagaHospital, The Hague, The Netherlands

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D J Stott Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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I Ford Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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J W Jukema Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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S Trompet Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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thyroid disease and variations in the definitions of subclinical thyroid disease among different studies. In an attempt to tackle these limitations, recent large, individual participant data meta-analyses were performed and associations were found between

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0502
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 1
Open access
Yun Cai Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Jieni Yan Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yong Gu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Heng Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yang Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xinyu Xu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Mei Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Liping Yu Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Xuqin Zheng Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disorder which includes two main clinical diseases: Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Both GD and HT share the immunologic manifestation

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0650
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Open access
Weiwei He Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, China

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Bin Wang Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Kaida Mu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Jing Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Yanping Yang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Wei Yao Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Sheli Li Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, China

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Jin-an Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Introduction In autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), one of the autoimmune diseases, cytokine-mediated immunity play a key role during the pathogenesis and development ( 1 ). AITDs are common endocrine autoimmune diseases with prevalence of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0370
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 3
Open access
Xichang Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaochun Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Chenyan Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Jing Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Yaxin Lai Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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hyperthyroidism, the most common of which is Graves’ disease (GD); other types include toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), toxic thyroid adenoma (TA) and Hashimoto’s hyperthyroidism. According to the findings of the Thyroid Disease, Iodine Nutrition and Disease

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0340
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
Mírian Romitti Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Vitor C Fabris Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Patricia K Ziegelmann Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Ana Luiza Maia Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Poli Mara Spritzer Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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association between PCOS and autoimmune diseases ( 21 , 22 ) and especially autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), the most common form of autoimmune disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 5% ( 23 , 24 , 25 ). AITD results from a dysregulation of the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0309
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 11
Open access