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E N Dudinskaya
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O N Tkacheva
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M V Shestakova National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Endocrinology Research Centre, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow 101990, Russian Federation

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N V Brailova
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O Y Isaykina
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D A Kashtanova
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S A Boytsov
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the most widely discussed genetic ageing markers is the peripheral blood lymphocyte telomere length. Lymphocyte telomeres are the ends of linear DNA that have the repetitive nucleotide sequence TTAGGG. Telomeres protect linear chromosome ends from

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Andrew R Dismukes Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Vanessa J Meyer Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Elizabeth A Shirtcliff Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Katherine P Theall Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Kyle C Esteves Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Stacy S Drury Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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influence physiology through its conversion to other sex steroids and metabolites indicating the potential for a diverse pattern of downstream effects. Similar to DHEA, telomere length (TL) has also been associated with a range of factors linked to

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Chan Yang School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yadi Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Juan Li School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiaowei Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiangwei Qiu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiaxing Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiuying Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yuhong Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yi Zhao School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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telomere shortening ( 15 ). Telomere length is usually measured as leukocyte telomere length (LTL) since it is relatively easy to extract leukocytes from human blood. Studies have shown that short and dysfunctional telomeres are linked to diabetes ( 16

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Anastasia P Athanasoulia-Kaspar Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

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Matthias K Auer Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Günter K Stalla Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

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Mira Jakovcevski Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

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cell division. When telomeres reach a critical short length, cell division is terminated and the corresponding cells undergo apoptosis ( 1 ). Telomerase, the key enzyme relevant for telomeric DNA synthesis and maintenance of telomere length (TL) is

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Dario de Biase Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Federica Torricelli Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Moira Ragazzi Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Benedetta Donati Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Elisabetta Kuhn Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Michela Visani Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy

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Giorgia Acquaviva Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy

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Annalisa Pession Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Giovanni Tallini Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy

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Simonetta Piana Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Alessia Ciarrocchi Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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). Unlimited replicative potential is a major hallmark of aggressive cancer cells ( 25 ). To fulfill the high rate of proliferation, cancer cells must protect their telomere repeats length from progressive shortening ( 26 , 27 ). The telomerase complex of

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Ali Abbasi MRC Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Post Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Post Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK

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+ TT – Europe, Asia, Africa/2013 4011/4303 rs12134663, rs1801133/ MTHFR OR, 1.29 5 μmol/l IL-1Ra 1 (26) DIAGRAMv3 and EPIC-InterAct US, Europe/2015 18 715/61 692 rs6743376, rs1542176/ IL1RN Null Leukocyte telomere length 1 (46) WHI-OS US/2012 1675

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Luis Eduardo Barbalho de Mello Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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Thaise Nayane Ribeiro Carneiro Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Aline Neves Araujo Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Camila Xavier Alves Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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Pedro Alexandre Favoretto Galante Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-libanês, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Vanessa Candiotti Buzatto Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-libanês, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Maria das Graças de Almeida Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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Karina Marques Vermeulen-Serpa Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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Sancha Helena de Lima Vale Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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Fernando José de Pinto Paiva Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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José Brandão-Neto Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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Janete Maria Cerutti Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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the tree with the shortest branch lengths. As expected, NID1 human protein share higher similarity with Pan troglodytes (UniProt accession H2Q1E0) and Macaca mulatta (UniProt accession F7DF16) ( Fig. 4F ). NID1 p.Ile657Met variant was absent in

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Mardia López-Alarcón Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Jessie N Zurita-Cruz Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Alonso Torres-Rodríguez Escuela Española de Desarrollo Transpersonal, Madrid, España

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Karla Bedia-Mejía Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Manuel Pérez-Güemez Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Leonel Jaramillo-Villanueva Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Mario E Rendón-Macías Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, México, Mexico

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Jose R Fernández Departments of Nutrition Sciences and Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

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Patricia Martínez-Maroñas Escuela Española de Desarrollo Transpersonal, Madrid, España

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telomere length among overweight and obese women: preliminary evidence of attenuated ghrelin effects in obesity? Appetite 2014 84 – 94 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.011 ) 24462487 14 Asadollahi T Khakpour S Ahmadi F Seyedeh L

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Rossella Cannarella Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Teresa Mattina Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Rosita A Condorelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Laura M Mongioì Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Giuseppe Pandini Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Sandro La Vignera Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Aldo E Calogero Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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presented to the Department of Pediatrics, teaching hospital ‘G. Rodolico’, University of Catania, at the age of 6 years, complaining from developmental delay. Her birth weight was 1860 g, and her length was 44 cm. She had mental and psychomotor retardation

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