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Isabel M Abreu Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Eva Lau Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Bernardo de Sousa Pinto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is diagnosed biochemically when both serum-free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) are within the normal range, whereas the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated ( 1

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0028
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 3
Open access
Akinori Sairaku Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yukiko Nakano Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yuko Uchimura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Takehito Tokuyama Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Hiroshi Kawazoe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yoshikazu Watanabe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Hiroya Matsumura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yasuki Kihara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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subclinical hypothyroidism ( 5 , 6 ), defined as a mild thyroid underactive condition in which the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration is raised while the serum thyroid hormone concentrations are normal ( 5 ). On the other hand, recent large

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0012
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Open access
Aasem Saif Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Shrook Mousa Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Maha Assem Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Nashwa Tharwat National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

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Alaa Abdelhamid Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Vascular Laboratory, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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such as dyslipidemia, hypercoagulable state, increased arterial stiffness, obesity and endothelial dysfunction ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Current controversy centers on whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with atherosclerosis. Some studies

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0194
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 10
Open access
Ningning Gong Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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Cuixia Gao Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Xuedi Chen Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Yu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Limin Tian Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) is defined by increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal thyroid hormone concentrations. The prevalence of sHT is 4–20% in adults ( 1 ). Recently, a relationship between sHT and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0007
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 2
Open access
Ling Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Yingying Zhou Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Shiqiao Peng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Xinyi Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Laboratory Medical, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), characterized by elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with total thyroxine (TT4) within the normal reference range, is the most common type of thyroid disorder in pregnancy ( 1

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0185
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Open access
Jeonghoon Ha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Jeongmin Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Kwanhoon Jo Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Dong-Jun Lim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Moo Il Kang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Bong Yun Cha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Min-Hee Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as a mildly elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with a serum free thyroxine (FT4) level within the normal range ( 1 ). While treatment of SCH is not mandatory in most

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0023
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Fan Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Jian Chen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Xinyue Lin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Shiqiao Peng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Xiaohui Yu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Introduction Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for fetal neurodevelopment. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the general population is 4–10% and can reach 5% in pregnant women. Haddow et al . investigated the intelligence

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0069
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
Nella Augusta Greggio Endocrinology and Adolescence Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Elisa Rossi CINECA – Interuniversity Consortium (Health Service), Bologna, Italy

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Silvia Calabria CORE srl – Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy

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Alice Meneghin Endocrinology and Adolescence Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Joaquin Gutierrez de Rubalcava Endocrinology and Adolescence Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Carlo Piccinni CORE srl – Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy

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Antonella Pedrini CORE srl – Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a biochemical condition defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) exceeding the limit of its reference range by age, while the concentration of serum free thyroxin (FT4) remains within

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0066
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Open access
Sahar Hossam El Hini Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Yehia Zakaria Mahmoud Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Ahmed Abdelfadel Saedii Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Sayed Shehata Mahmoud Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Mohamed Ahmed Amin Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Shereen Riad Mahmoud Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Ragaa Abdelshaheed Matta Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

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Introduction Overt hypothyroidism (OH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are characterized by the coexistence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, insulin resistance (IR), elevated inflammatory markers, altered hemodynamic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0398
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 12
Open access
Qingrong Pan Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Shuxin Gao Department of General Practice, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China

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Xia Gao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ning Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhi Yao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yanjin Hu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Li Miao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhe Chen Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Guang Wang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism, two commonly encountered clinical conditions, can induce various metabolic changes ( 1 ) and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases ( 2 , 3 ). Recent researches have

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0069
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Open access