Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) are both complex autoimmune diseases that are caused by an interplay of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility ( 1 ). Risk factors such as smoking, emotional stress
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Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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medications if any, educational status, age, parity and smoking habits were assessed. In Hungary, 8 years of mandatory elementary school education is typically followed by optional secondary school (high school) and subsequently, college may follow; eight or
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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deiodinases may influence the levels of thyroid hormones ( 9 ). Adiposity and smoking are some of the major threats to public health and common patient characteristics in pregnant and non-pregnant women ( 10 , 11 ). In non-pregnant individuals, a higher
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
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0.0421 a Yes = 38No = 39 0.106 0.359 Yes = 38No = 39 Smoking before pregnancy X −0.293 W 0 . 0102 a Yes = 35No = 41 −0.288 W 0 . 0116 a Yes = 35No = 41 Insulin (mU/L) 13.35 ± 9.020.50/61.40 0.085 0.482 71 0
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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inactivity ( 10 ), smoking ( 11 ), and depression ( 12 ), and higher blood pressure (BP) have been observed in men ( 13 ). Increased cortisol secretion is one factor that might contribute to treatment-resistant hypertension ( 14 ). Increased cortisol
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Introduction Epidemiological studies have concluded that cigarette smoking is associated with various chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease ( 1 ), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( 2 ), cancers ( 3 ), neurodegenerative
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smoking, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, have been identified as risk factors for developing IR. Since these causes are common in modern life, we expect IR to become increasingly common in the general population unless public awareness is
Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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49 9.76 92 11.76 Smoking status 0.264 Never 333 66.33 542 69.31 Ever 169 33.67 240 30.69 Height (m) 1.68 (±0.08) 1.66 (±0.07) 0.015 Weight (kg) 67.63 (±11.42) 64
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Plastic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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for development of GO is smoking, which is also shared with GD. Smoking increases the risk for GD approximately twofold and GO approximately threefold ( 9 ). Inflammation and adipogenesis are both important processes in the pathogenesis of GO
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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blood pressure in supine and sitting position at follow-up, supine and standing at baseline. Waist–hip ratio was calculated. Validated questionnaires were used to obtain information on lifestyle including smoking, alcohol intake and leisure time physical