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Cecilia Lundin Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Agota Malmborg Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Julia Slezak Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Kristina Gemzell Danielsson Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Marie Bixo Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Hanna Bengtsdotter Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

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Lena Marions Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

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Ingela Lindh Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Elvar Theodorsson Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Mats Hammar Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Inger Sundström-Poromaa Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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COC users report decreased sexual desire ( 2 ). At present, despite the bulk of literature, only two randomised placebo-controlled trials have investigated the causal influence of COCs on sexual function ( 3 , 4 ). Both of these studies evaluated a

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0384
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 11
Open access
Anastasia K Armeni Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Konstantinos Assimakopoulos Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Dimitra Marioli Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Vassiliki Koika Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Euthychia Michaelidou Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Niki Mourtzi Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Gregoris Iconomou Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Neoklis A Georgopoulos Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Introduction Over the past decades, research attention has been increasingly paid to the examination of the neurobio­logical component of sexual function. Female sexual desire and arousal have been shown to have a heritable component of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 1
Open access
M Jensterle Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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A Podbregar University Rehabilitation Institute Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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K Goricar University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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N Gregoric Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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A Janez Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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been poor responders to LSM, by means of reversal of FH and WR. The primary outcome measures were changes in testosterone, sexual function and gonadotropins. The secondary outcomes were measures of obesity and metabolic profile. Materials and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0514
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 3
Open access
Sarmistha Banerjee Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Allison M Hayes Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Bernard H Shapiro Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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imprinted function. For example, perinatal testosterone or its androgen/estrogen metabolites are required to permanently 'wire' or imprint the male brain to exclusively express masculine sexual behavior. However, the brain has to be stimulated or activated

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0143
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
Kaisu Luiro Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Kristiina Aittomäki Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Pekka Jousilahti Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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Juha S Tapanainen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland

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due to CVD, osteoporosis and fractures. In addition, impairment of cognitive functions, dementia, Parkinsonism, and reduced sexual function and psychological well-being have been reported ( 12 ). Most of the evidence comes from observational studies of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0244
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 10
Open access
Yan-yu Zhang Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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Xian Zhang Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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Shao-yang Bu Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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Wei-wei Zhang Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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Tian-xiu Li Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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De-cai Zheng Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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Ze-xiang Huang Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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Qian Wang Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China

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clownfish is a protandrous hermaphroditic teleost whose sexual development can be regulated by its social status ( 29 ). In general, there is only one dominant female individual and one subdominant male with reproductive function in the group, while non

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0136
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 8
Open access
Meghnaa Hebbar College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Halimah Khalil College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Nawal Zia College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Jameela Sheikh College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Eka Melson University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

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Meri Davitadze Clinic NeoLab, Tbilisi, Georgia

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Tejal Lathia Apollo Hospitals, Mumbai, India

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Chitra Selvan Department of Endocrinology, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, India

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Punith Kempegowda Clinic NeoLab, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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PCOS SEva Working Group
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PCOS SEva Working Group

-related bias ( 16 ). Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) assesses the domains of sexual function: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain and provides a score regarding sexual function. Total score achievable is 36, a lower FSFI score

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0179
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Robert A Hart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Robin C Dobos NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Linda L Agnew Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Neil A Smart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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James R McFarlane Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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peripheral leptin has not been compared in males and females, a comparison which may allow the examination of possible sexual dimorphism of leptin functions. Despite the large volume of research on leptin, its total distribution is not well characterised

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0089
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 1
Open access
Eeva M Ryhänen
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Ilkka Heiskanen
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Harri Sintonen Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland

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Matti J Välimäki
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Risto P Roine Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland

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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
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, excretion, usual activities, mental function, discomfort and symptoms, depression, distress, vitality, and sexual activity) has five levels and the respondent chooses the level best describing her/his current health status for each dimension. The 15D score

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0053
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Open access
Lukas Engler Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Christian Adolf Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Daniel A Heinrich Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Anna-Katharine Brem Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
Division of Interventional Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Anna Riester Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Anna Franke Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Felix Beuschlein Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Martin Reincke Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Axel Steiger Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

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Heike Künzel Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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, 4 ); however, the underlying pathophysiology is not fully clarified. Animal data emphasize the importance of a balanced MR/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system for cognitive functions ( 5 ) and support the role of MR in memory functions. Furthermore

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0043
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 4
Open access