Magdalena Lech
Magdalena Lech
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Ruvini Ranasinghe
Ruvini Ranasinghe
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Royce P Vincent
Royce P Vincent
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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David R Taylor
David R Taylor
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Lea Ghataore
Lea Ghataore
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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James Luxton
James Luxton
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe
Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Pia Roser
Pia Roser
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Eftychia E Drakou
Eftychia E Drakou
Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Cancer Centre - Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Ling Ling Chuah
Ling Ling Chuah
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Ashley B Grossman
Ashley B Grossman
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Simon J B Aylwin
Simon J B Aylwin
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Georgios K Dimitriadis
Georgios K Dimitriadis
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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serum cortisol may not accurately reflect the glucocorticoid status of the patient and may lead to unrecognised adrenal insufficiency. Consequently, the altered binding protein profile and heightened risk of adrenal insufficiency lead to patients on
Göran Oleröd
Göran Oleröd
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ola Hammarsten
Ola Hammarsten
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Eva Klingberg
Eva Klingberg
Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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winter ( Fig. 1 ). Figure 1 Boxplot diagram showing the variation in the vitamin D metabolites over the months of the year. (A) Directly measured free 25(OH)D. (B) Calculated free 25(OH)D. (C) Total serum 25(OH)D. (D) Vitamin D-binding protein. (E
Jiayang Lin
Jiayang Lin
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Peizhen Zhang
Peizhen Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yan Huang
Yan Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xueyun Wei
Xueyun Wei
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dan Guo
Dan Guo
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jianfang Liu
Jianfang Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Deying Liu
Deying Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yajuan Deng
Yajuan Deng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bingyan Xu
Bingyan Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chensihan Huang
Chensihan Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xiaoyu Yang
Xiaoyu Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yan Lu
Yan Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lijing Jia
Lijing Jia
Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Huijie Zhang
Huijie Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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) were measured using standard enzymatic methods. Total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were measured by diazotization method. Serum insulin, free triiodothyronine (T3), total T3, free thyroxine (T4), total T4, and TSH thyroid peroxide
Leqi He
Leqi He
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoying Li
Xiaoying Li
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zaoping Chen
Zaoping Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wei Wang
Wei Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kai Wang
Kai Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xinmei Huang
Xinmei Huang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Qian Yang
Qian Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wencai Ke
Wencai Ke
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jun Liu
Jun Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bingbing Zha
Bingbing Zha
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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.193 0.000 0.007 0.016 0.000 0.829 Model 4 (E2, age, BMI, ALT, SCR) –0.190 0.000 0.008 0.016 0.000 0.824 ALT, alanine aminotransferase; E2, estradiol; FT4, free thyroxine; SCR, serum creatinine; TSH, thyroid
Angela Köninger
Angela Köninger
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Philippos Edimiris
Philippos Edimiris
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Laura Koch
Laura Koch
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Antje Enekwe
Antje Enekwe
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Claudia Lamina
Claudia Lamina
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Vitateq Biotechnology GmbH, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
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Rainer Kimmig
Rainer Kimmig
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Hans Dieplinger
Hans Dieplinger
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Vitateq Biotechnology GmbH, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Vitateq Biotechnology GmbH, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Vitateq Biotechnology GmbH, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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)-inhibiting parameter (11) . The previously described vitamin E-binding protein afamin may play a role in oxidative stress-related anti-apoptotic cellular processes (12) . Vitamin E is an important anti-oxidant and protects from oxidative stress. Afamin was
Shatha Alharazy
Shatha Alharazy
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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M Denise Robertson
M Denise Robertson
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Susan Lanham-New
Susan Lanham-New
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Muhammad Imran Naseer
Muhammad Imran Naseer
Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Adeel G Chaudhary
Adeel G Chaudhary
Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Eman Alissa
Eman Alissa
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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, 27 ). Free 25(OH)D can be measured either by means of a direct method, using a recently developed immunoassay, or estimated by calculation using the levels of albumin, vitamin D-binding protein and total 25(OH)D ( 20 , 28 ). However, although
M P Schuijt
M P Schuijt
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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C G J Sweep
C G J Sweep
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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R van der Steen
R van der Steen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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A J Olthaar
A J Olthaar
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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N M M L Stikkelbroeck
N M M L Stikkelbroeck
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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H A Ross
H A Ross
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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A E van Herwaarden
A E van Herwaarden
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ED-LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS enables the accurate, specific and matrix-independent measurement of testosterone with direct calibration. Equilibrium dialysis enables to separate the free- from protein-bound testosterone with
Stine A Holmboe
Stine A Holmboe
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ravi Jasuja
Ravi Jasuja
Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Brian Lawney
Brian Lawney
Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lærke Priskorn
Lærke Priskorn
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Joergensen
Niels Joergensen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Allan Linneberg
Allan Linneberg
Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Kold Jensen
Tina Kold Jensen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anna-Maria Andersson
Anna-Maria Andersson
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction Testosterone in serum is primarily bound to proteins with only a minor fraction circulating as free unbound testosterone. The major high-affinity binding protein is sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ( 1 ). Because of the short
Johanna Öberg
Johanna Öberg
Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Rolf Jorde
Rolf Jorde
Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Yngve Figenschau
Yngve Figenschau
Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Per Medbøe Thorsby
Per Medbøe Thorsby
Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway
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Sandra Rinne Dahl
Sandra Rinne Dahl
Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway
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Anne Winther
Anne Winther
Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Guri Grimnes
Guri Grimnes
Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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accounted for in existing guidelines ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). In contrary to 25(OH)D (free and protein bound), free 25(OH)D has not differed according to HC use in the adult population ( 3 , 10 ). It has been raised concern that the vitamin D status in HC
W N H Koek
W N H Koek
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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N Campos-Obando
N Campos-Obando
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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B C J van der Eerden
B C J van der Eerden
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Y B de Rijke
Y B de Rijke
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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M A Ikram
M A Ikram
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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A G Uitterlinden
A G Uitterlinden
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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J P T M van Leeuwen
J P T M van Leeuwen
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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M C Zillikens
M C Zillikens
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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albumin, calcium bound to other proteins and ionized calcium. Moreover, serum albumin levels are lower in critical ill patients and are correlated with disease status. Therefore, data were adjusted for age and serum albumin levels. As a sensitivity
