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result in testosterone deficiency at some point ( 6 , 7 ). However, little is known about how and when deterioration of semen quality occurs in these patients. Previous studies have primarily examined semen quality in prolactinoma patients with
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of which some were prepubertal at last follow-up), the follow-up times were limited (median age at last follow-up 14–19 years), and importantly, none of the studies included semen quality data. Moreover, no previous studies have investigated pubertal
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Introduction Human semen quality is declining in many parts of the world, and this has recently been confirmed by a comprehensive meta-analysis showing declining sperm counts in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand over the last
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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-related quality of life ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). There are currently only a handful of systematic and comprehensive reports on the etiology and management of DSD patients ( 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ). At the same time, there is a vivid
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focused on this effect and reported the effect of RAI on sex hormones and semen quality parameters in male DTC patients ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 ), the sample size of single studies is small, and the differences between studies are large. To
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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treated and control men. Secondary outcomes were semen analysis parameters. Sperm quality (i.e. sperm concentration and progressive motility) and testicular volume were considered as mean differences. Sperm motility was assessed as the number of
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Serviço de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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induces poor semen quality up to the fourth generation (86) . ED exposure in pregnant females can directly cause detrimental effects in the next two generations through the foetus and its germline, which is already formed. Only adverse effects in the
Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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YJ Chen L Ge YF , et al . Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio cannot predict male semen quality: a report of 1231 subfertile Chinese men . Andrologia 2015 47 1047 – 1054 . ( https
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen AM Rod NH , et al . Association of sleep disturbances with reduced semen quality: a cross-sectional study among 953 healthy young Danish men . American Journal of Epidemiology 2013 177 1027 – 1037 . ( https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws420
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and quality of anabolic steroids? In the Netherlands, as in most other European countries, anabolic steroids, such as testosterone, can only be obtained via a pharmacy with a doctor’s prescription. Since most doctors are not willing to prescribe