as kg/m 2 . The Tanner score was used to assess baseline secondary sexual characteristics. Because our centre is a tertiary hospital, many patients were referred to our hospital after having received some hormone treatment. Information regarding
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Rui-yi Tang, Rong Chen, Miao Ma, Shou-qing Lin, Yi-wen Zhang, and Ya-ping Wang
Nandini Shankara Narayana, Lam P Ly, Veena Jayadev, Carolyn Fennell, Sasha Savkovic, Ann J Conway, and David J Handelsman
sexual characteristics in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism . Journal of Sexual Medicine 2011 8 3471 – 3478 .
Rafaella Sales de Freitas, Thiago F A França, and Sabine Pompeia
involves neuroendocrine changes leading to maturation of the gonads, acceleration of growth in height, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. The kisspeptin peptides, produced by small groups of neurons in the hypothalamus, play a key role in
M Jensterle, A Podbregar, K Goricar, N Gregoric, and A Janez
been poor responders to LSM, by means of reversal of FH and WR. The primary outcome measures were changes in testosterone, sexual function and gonadotropins. The secondary outcomes were measures of obesity and metabolic profile. Materials and
Yanfei Chen, Mei Li, Binrong Liao, Jingzi Zhong, and Dan Lan
development of internal and external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys ( 1 ). In recent years, the age of puberty initiation has been declining all over the world, paralleled by the increasing
Mei Li, Yanfei Chen, Binrong Liao, Jing Tang, Jingzi Zhong, and Dan Lan
luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a common pediatric endocrine disease due to premature reactivation of the HPG axis leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the
Anne Bachelot, Magaly Vialon, Amandine Baptiste, Isabelle Tejedor, Caroline Elie, Michel Polak, Philippe Touraine, and the CRMERC study group
). Once growth is no longer a concern, a shift in treatment goals from optimization of growth and puberty to prevention of long-term adverse outcomes and optimization of fertility and sexual function is needed ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). The
Shota Dzemaili, Jitske Tiemensma, Richard Quinton, Nelly Pitteloud, Diane Morin, and Andrew A Dwyer
induce secondary sexual characteristics and menses ( 4 ). Combined gonadotropin therapy or physiologic treatment with pulsatile GnRH are equally effective for inducing fertility in the vast majority of cases ( 10 ). Compared to fertile counterparts
María J Gómora, Flavia Morales-Vásquez, Enrique Pedernera, Delia Perez-Montiel, Horacio López-Basave, Antonio R Villa, Azucena Hernández-Martínez, Esteban Mena, and Carmen Mendez
that can increase the incidence as well as tumor aggressiveness ( 8 , 9 , 10 ). Sexual steroid hormones acting through their receptors regulate signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, cell
Lachlan Angus, Shalem Leemaqz, Olivia Ooi, Pauline Cundill, Nicholas Silberstein, Peter Locke, Jeffrey D Zajac, and Ada S Cheung
. Over 3–24 months, this leads to feminine physical characteristics including softening of skin, a decrease in facial and body hair growth, changes in body fat and muscle distribution, as well as breast development ( 4 ). Oestradiol improves psychological