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Yuerong Yan Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Lili You Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Xiaoyi Wang Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Zhuo Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Feng Li Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Hongshi Wu Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Muchao Wu Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Jin Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Jiayun Wu Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Caixia Chen Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Xiaohui Li Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Biwen Xia Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Mingtong Xu Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Li Yan Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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. Moreover, Michael B Zimmermann observed that the geographic region of residence influences iodine intake ( 6 ). Although a previous study reported that rural residents had lower median urinary iodine concentrations ( 7 ), another survey found contradictory

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0418
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 12
Open access
Xiaojie Wang Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Zhiyuan Chen Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Ziyi Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Bo Chen Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Yong Qi Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Guowei Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Jonathan D Adachi Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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-sitting toilet were higher than that in the male and in those people with a sitting toilet. The rural residents were more susceptible to fall than the urban residents. Individuals with good balance performance were at less risk of fall compared to those with poor

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0405
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 10
Open access
Natércia Neves Marques de Queiroz University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Franciane Trindade Cunha de Melo University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Fabrício de Souza Resende University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Luísa Corrêa Janaú University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Norberto Jorge Kzan de Souza Neto University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Manuela Nascimento de Lemos University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Ana Carolina Lobato Virgolino University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Maria Clara Neres Iunes de Oliveira University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Angélica Leite de Alcântara University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Lorena Vilhena de Moraes University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Tiago Franco David University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Wanderson Maia da Silva University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Scarlatt Souza Reis University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Márcia Costa dos Santos University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Ana Carolina Contente Braga de Souza University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Pedro Paulo Freire Piani University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Neyla Arroyo Lara Mourão University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Karem Mileo Felício University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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João Felício Abrahão Neto University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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João Soares Felício University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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). However, it remains a controversial topic. Fang et al. ( 34 ), in a study based in China, with 1814 subjects, showed slightly higher vitamin D levels among urban residents compared to rural ones, but also pointed out that its results are opposed to many

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0206
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Jeonghoon Ha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Jeongmin Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Kwanhoon Jo Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Dong-Jun Lim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Moo Il Kang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Bong Yun Cha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Min-Hee Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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risk associated with the area of residence. In women, the risk of SCH was significantly higher in urban area residents than in rural area residents regardless of the TSH cut-off level used. The risk of SCH in urban residents was 1.78 times higher using

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0023
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Simona Censi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Laura Salmaso Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Filippo Ceccato Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Jacopo Manso Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy

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Ugo Fedeli Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Mario Saia Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Caterina Mian Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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. Materials and methods This is a retrospective population-based study conducted in the Veneto Region, northeastern Italy, with a population of about 4.9 million residents. In Veneto, health-care services are provided by nine local social and health

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0292
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 12
Open access
Laszlo Samson Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Ildiko Hircsu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Monika Katko Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Miklos Bodor Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Annamaria Gazdag Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Andrea Anett Gazso Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Bela Kovacs Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Janos Posta Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Eszter Balogh Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Peter Mocsary Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Harjit Pal Bhattoa Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Endre V Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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pregnant and lactating women living in a rural area in Hungary. Subjects and methods Subjects One hundred and twenty-three healthy pregnant women living in a rural area of North-East Hungary were enrolled in the study with consecutive sampling

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0166
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Xiang Hu Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Qiao Zhang Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Tian-Shu Zeng Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Jiao-Yue Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Jie Min Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Sheng-Hua Tian Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Hantao Huang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China

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Miaomiao Peng Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Nan Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Mengjiao Li Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Qing Wan Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Fei Xiao Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Yan Chen Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation, Hunan University of Commerce, Changsha, China

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Chaodong Wu Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Lu-Lu Chen Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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above of OGTT vs FPG, 2h-PG and HbA1c in the screening of (pre)diabetes in Chinese Han population over 40 years in this study. Methods Study population and sampling A total of 7200 eligible residents over 40 years in Hubei Province, located

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0372
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
E Vignali Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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F Cetani Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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S Chiavistelli Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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A Meola Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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F Saponaro Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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R Centoni Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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L Cianferotti Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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C Marcocci Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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(8) . All residents registered in 2010 ( n =2045) were invited by two consecutive calls and 1046 adults participated in the study ( Fig. 1 ). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Figure 1 Diagram of the study population and evaluation

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0030
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Open access
Chan Yang School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yadi Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Juan Li School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiaowei Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiangwei Qiu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiaxing Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiuying Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yuhong Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yi Zhao School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas of Northwestern China. Thus, the sample size was small and not sufficiently representative compared with other cohort studies. In addition, some subjects did not participate in the follow-up survey for

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0033
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Shanhong Li Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

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Jincheng Tao Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

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Jie Tang Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

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Yanting Chu Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

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Huiqun Wu Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

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.5 times the average annual income for rural residents in China. Consequently, families dealing with chronic diseases face a higher risk of catastrophic medical expenditure compared to the general population. The current strategies for DM treatment and

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0219
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access