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Elham Barazeghi Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

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Per Hellman Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

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Gunnar Westin Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

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Peter Stålberg Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

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regulatory region which contains a CpG island (CGI) spanning the promoter, exon 1 and part of intron 1 ( Fig. 5A ). The PTPRM gene has been shown to be methylated at the exon 1/intron 1 boundary in colon cancer ( 11 ). Therefore, by performing quantitative

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Jessica S Jarmasz Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Yan Jin Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Hana Vakili Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

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Peter A Cattini Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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to the hGH-N promoter, where association of BMAL1 with this region was reduced as a result of HFD in 171hGH/CS TG mice ( 13 ). The circadian clock genes are also known to be involved in the homeostatic sleep process. The sleep homeostat keeps

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Katherine A Bolton Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Kelly A Avery-Kiejda Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Elizabeth G Holliday Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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John Attia Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Nikola A Bowden Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Rodney J Scott Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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the promoter region of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene . European Journal of Epidemiology 2003 18 191 – 193 . ( doi:10.1023/A:1023309321705 ) 31 Rosen CJ Kurland ES Vereault D Adler RA Rackoff PJ Craig WY

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Kristian Almstrup Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Hanne Frederiksen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anna-Maria Andersson Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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the observed variation in pubertal onset ( 8 , 9 ). We have recently described single genetic variants in the promoters of FSHR and FSHB , mediating the largest known effect on age at pubertal onset in girls, explaining nearly a year of pubertal

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Dario de Biase Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Federica Torricelli Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Moira Ragazzi Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Benedetta Donati Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Elisabetta Kuhn Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Michela Visani Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy

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Giorgia Acquaviva Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy

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Annalisa Pession Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Giovanni Tallini Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) – Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy

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Simonetta Piana Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Alessia Ciarrocchi Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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, 15, 16), SMAD4 (exons 6, 9, 10, 11, 12), TP53 (exons 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), TERT (promoter region. The sequences obtained were analyzed using VariantStudio Software (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) and the Integrative Genomics Viewer 2.3 (IGV

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Ana P Estrada-Flórez Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultad de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia

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Mabel E Bohórquez Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultad de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia

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Alejandro Vélez Dinamica IPS, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Carlos S Duque Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Jorge H Donado Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Gilbert Mateus Hospital Federico Lleras Acosta, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia

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Cesar Panqueba-Tarazona Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia

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Guadalupe Polanco-Echeverry Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

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Ruta Sahasrabudhe Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

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Magdalena Echeverry Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultad de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia

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Luis G Carvajal-Carmona Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
Dinamica IPS, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
Fundación de Genética y Genómica, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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eosin (H&E)- stained slides. We isolated the DNA from the demarcated regions using Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit and protocol. BRAF exon 15 and the TERT promoter region were amplified using previously reported primers ( 21 , 28 ) and Sanger

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Erika Urbano Lima Biological Science Department, Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Structural and Functional Biology Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ileana G S Rubio Biological Science Department, Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Structural and Functional Biology Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Joaquim Custodio Da Silva Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

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Ana Luiza Galrão Biological Science Department, Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle Pêssoa Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

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Taise Cerqueira Oliveira Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

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Fabiane Carrijo Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

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Igor Silva Campos Department of Pathology, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil

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Luciano Fonseca Espinheira Department of Pathology, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
Department of Anatomic Pathology & Legal Medicine, Bahia Federal Medical School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

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Luiz Jose Sampaio Nuclear Medicine Department, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil

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Claudio Rogerio Lima Head and Neck Surgery Department, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil

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Janete Maria Cerutti Structural and Functional Biology Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Basis of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Paulista School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Helton Estrela Ramos Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

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affected by a growing number of DNA alterations in tumor-suppressor genes, especially via gene promoter methylation ( 4 ) causing a silencing of tumor-suppressor genes that are linked to apoptosis or DNA repair ( 5 , 6 ). A better understanding of such

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Roberto Cosimo Melcangi Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Livio Casarini Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Marco Marino Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Daniele Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy

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Samantha Sperduti Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Silvia Giatti Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Diviccaro Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Maria Grimoldi Neurology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

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Donatella Caruso Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Guido Cavaletti Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy

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Manuela Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy

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, neuroinflammation and gut microbiota composition . Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019 99 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.021 ) 29 Araki R Nishida S Hiraki Y Matsumoto K Yabe T . DNA methylation of the GC box in the promoter region

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Masatada Watanabe Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

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Shuji Ohno Division of Research for Pharmacy Students Education, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

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Hiroshi Wachi Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

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the CYP19A1 gene transcript ( 9 ). This finding suggests that promoter I.4, 5′-upstream region of exon I.4, is activated in human skin fibroblasts. Figure 1 (A) Scheme of the multiple exons I in the human CYP19A1 gene- and tissue

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Xuhua Mao Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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Hucheng Chen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Junmin Tang Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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Liangliang Wang Department of Neurology, Yixing People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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Tingting Shu Department of Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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blood glucose levels ( 4 ). It is known that the mechanism by which gluco-toxicity inhibits insulin synthesis involves the loss of expression of pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (Pdx-1), which acts as a critical regulator of insulin promoter activity ( 5

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