Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen
Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pat Mahachoklertwattana
Pat Mahachoklertwattana
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wasun Chantratita
Wasun Chantratita
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nareenart Iemwimangsa
Nareenart Iemwimangsa
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Insee Sensorn
Insee Sensorn
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bhakbhoom Panthan
Bhakbhoom Panthan
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Poramate Jiaranai
Poramate Jiaranai
Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Saisuda Noojarern
Saisuda Noojarern
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Patcharin Khlairit
Patcharin Khlairit
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sarunyu Pongratanakul
Sarunyu Pongratanakul
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chittiwat Suprasongsin
Chittiwat Suprasongsin
Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri
Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Preamrudee Poomthavorn
Preamrudee Poomthavorn
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Introduction Congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) is classified into thyroid dysgenesis (TD) and thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH) ( 1 ). TDH has increasingly been reported while the incidence of TD has remained stable ( 2 , 3 ). Genetic
L E Zijlstra
L E Zijlstra
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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D M van Velzen
D M van Velzen
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
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S Simsek
S Simsek
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
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S P Mooijaart
S P Mooijaart
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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M van Buren
M van Buren
Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, HagaHospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, HagaHospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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D J Stott
D J Stott
Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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I Ford
I Ford
Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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J W Jukema
J W Jukema
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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S Trompet
S Trompet
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Introduction Subclinical hyperthyroidism has been linked to atrial fibrillation and coronary artery calcification, whereas subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis ( 1 , 2 ). Despite these
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Biagio Cangiano
Biagio Cangiano
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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some CeH patients with a predominant hypothalamic defect. In this subgroup of patients, TSH levels are superimposable to those generally found in subclinical or mild primary hypothyroidism, although the molecule is devoid of full biological activity and
Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rafael Barrera Salgueiro
Rafael Barrera Salgueiro
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kaio Fernando Vitzel
Kaio Fernando Vitzel
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thiago Pantaleão
Thiago Pantaleão
Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa
Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa
Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Maria Tereza Nunes
Maria Tereza Nunes
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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induces maternal primary hypothyroidism by the impairment of TH production, secretion and peripheral metabolism. The data presented herein clearly indicated that IE exposure during pregnancy and lactation reduces TH serum levels in rat dams. This result
Avinaash Maharaj
Avinaash Maharaj
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruth Kwong
Ruth Kwong
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Jack Williams
Jack Williams
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Christopher Smith
Christopher Smith
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Helen Storr
Helen Storr
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruth Krone
Ruth Krone
Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Debora Braslavsky
Debora Braslavsky
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutiérrez’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maria Clemente
Maria Clemente
Paediatric Endocrinology, Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Nanik Ram
Nanik Ram
Department of Endocrinology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Indraneel Banerjee
Indraneel Banerjee
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Semra Çetinkaya
Semra Çetinkaya
Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Federica Buonocore
Federica Buonocore
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Tülay Güran
Tülay Güran
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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John C Achermann
John C Achermann
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Louise Metherell
Louise Metherell
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Rathi Prasad
Rathi Prasad
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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hypothyroidism, primary gonadal insufficiency, lymphopenia and dyslipidaemia are reported, although not universally present in affected individuals ( Fig. 1 ). In its most severe form, the condition results in fetal hydrops. Morbidity is significant and mortality
Ning Yuan
Ning Yuan
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jianbin Sun
Jianbin Sun
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xin Zhao
Xin Zhao
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jing Du
Jing Du
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Min Nan
Min Nan
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Qiaoling Zhang
Qiaoling Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xiaomei Zhang
Xiaomei Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Introduction Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), which is defined as an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration beyond the upper limit of the pregnancy-specific reference range and a normal free-thyroxine (FT4
Xiaoya Zheng
Xiaoya Zheng
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Shanshan Yu
Shanshan Yu
Pathology Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Jian Long
Jian Long
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qiang Wei
Qiang Wei
Prevention of Disease Department, Chongqing Jiulongpo District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Liping Liu
Liping Liu
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chun Liu
Chun Liu
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wei Ren
Wei Ren
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Introduction Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignant tumour that accounts for less than 5.0% of all malignant thyroid tumours and approximately 2.5–7.0% of all extra-nodal lymphomas ( 1 , 2 ). The underlying pathogenesis of PTL
Ghazala Zaidi
Ghazala Zaidi
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Saroj K Sahoo
Saroj K Sahoo
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Aditya Narayan Sarangi
Aditya Narayan Sarangi
Departments of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Niharika Bharti
Niharika Bharti
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Li Zhang
Li Zhang
Department of Immunology, Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, Denver, USA
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Liping Yu
Liping Yu
Department of Immunology, Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, Denver, USA
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Daniel Eriksson
Daniel Eriksson
Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sophie Bensing
Sophie Bensing
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Olle Kämpe
Olle Kämpe
Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Nisha Bharani
Nisha Bharani
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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Surendra Kumar Yachha
Surendra Kumar Yachha
Departments of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Anil Bhansali
Anil Bhansali
Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Alok Sachan
Alok Sachan
Department of Endocrinology, Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupathi, India
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Vandana Jain
Vandana Jain
Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Nalini Shah
Nalini Shah
Department of Endocrinology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, India
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Rakesh Aggarwal
Rakesh Aggarwal
Departments of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Amita Aggarwal
Amita Aggarwal
Departments of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Muthuswamy Srinivasan
Muthuswamy Srinivasan
Departments of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Sarita Agarwal
Sarita Agarwal
Departments of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Eesh Bhatia
Eesh Bhatia
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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manifestations each: MCC, HP ( n = 2); HP, PAI ( n = 1) Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) 1 (4.5) Primary hypothyroidism (HT) 1 (4.5) Diarrhoea 1 (4.5) Age at diagnosis (years): MCC 5 (0.1–19) HP 5 (0
Kathrin Zopf
Kathrin Zopf
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Kathrin R Frey
Kathrin R Frey
Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Tina Kienitz
Tina Kienitz
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Manfred Ventz
Manfred Ventz
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Britta Bauer
Britta Bauer
Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
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Marcus Quinkler
Marcus Quinkler
Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
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.6 ( n = 15) – ( n = 0) Concomitant disease Hypothyroidism 27/72 23/47 4/25 Diabetes mellitus 13/72 12/47 1/25 Primary ovarian failure 4/50 3/36 1/14 Asthma 5/72 1/47 4
Ayse Nurcan Cebeci
Ayse Nurcan Cebeci
Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Vera Schempp
Vera Schempp
Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Katharina Förtsch
Katharina Förtsch
Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Bettina Gohlke
Bettina Gohlke
Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Michaela Marx
Michaela Marx
Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Helmuth-Guenther Dörr
Helmuth-Guenther Dörr
Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Joachim Woelfle
Joachim Woelfle
Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is the primary aetiology of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents, with a prevalence of about 1 in 10,000 ( 1 ). Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders, occurring in nearly 1
