Laura J Reid
Laura J Reid
Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Bala Muthukrishnan
Bala Muthukrishnan
Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Dilip Patel
Dilip Patel
Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mike S Crane
Mike S Crane
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Murat Akyol
Murat Akyol
Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Andrew Thomson
Andrew Thomson
Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Jonathan R Seckl
Jonathan R Seckl
Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Fraser W Gibb
Fraser W Gibb
Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine condition with a prevalence of 0.1–1%, a female preponderance and a strong association with ageing ( 1 , 2 ). In the modern era, PHPT is often detected incidentally through
Lu Yang
Lu Yang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xingguo Jing
Xingguo Jing
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hua Pang
Hua Pang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lili Guan
Lili Guan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mengdan Li
Mengdan Li
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) was originally identified approximately 90 years ago ( 1 ). It is the third-most prevalent endocrine illness and the most common cause of hypercalcemia in patients. The vast majority of cases are
Cheng Han Ng
Cheng Han Ng
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yip Han Chin
Yip Han Chin
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Marcus Hon Qin Tan
Marcus Hon Qin Tan
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Jun Xuan Ng
Jun Xuan Ng
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Samantha Peiling Yang
Samantha Peiling Yang
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Jolene Jiayu Kiew
Jolene Jiayu Kiew
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Chin Meng Khoo
Chin Meng Khoo
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder that is caused by excessive or inappropriate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion with simultaneous derangement of both phosphate and calcium metabolism. PHPT is
Luchuan Li
Luchuan Li
Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Baoyuan Li
Baoyuan Li
Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Bin Lv
Bin Lv
Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Weili Liang
Weili Liang
Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Binbin Zhang
Binbin Zhang
Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Qingdong Zeng
Qingdong Zeng
Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Andrew G Turner
Andrew G Turner
Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lei Sheng
Lei Sheng
Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder, having a prevalence of 0.04–0.1% in the general population ( 1 ). The principal role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is to maintain (raise) blood calcium levels in
Elizaveta Mamedova
Elizaveta Mamedova
Department of Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Natalya Mokrysheva
Natalya Mokrysheva
Department of Parathyroid Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Evgeny Vasilyev
Evgeny Vasilyev
Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vasily Petrov
Vasily Petrov
Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ekaterina Pigarova
Ekaterina Pigarova
Department of Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Sergey Kuznetsov
Sergey Kuznetsov
Department of Surgery, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Nikolay Kuznetsov
Nikolay Kuznetsov
Department of Surgery, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Liudmila Rozhinskaya
Liudmila Rozhinskaya
Department of Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Galina Melnichenko
Galina Melnichenko
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ivan Dedov
Ivan Dedov
Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Anatoly Tiulpakov
Anatoly Tiulpakov
Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder, predominantly in postmenopausal women ( 1 ). Nevertheless, PHPT can occur at any age, and its incidence increases steadily after age 25 years in both sexes ( 2
Anna Eremkina
Anna Eremkina
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Julia Krupinova
Julia Krupinova
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Ekaterina Dobreva
Ekaterina Dobreva
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Anna Gorbacheva
Anna Gorbacheva
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Ekaterina Bibik
Ekaterina Bibik
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Margarita Samsonova
Margarita Samsonova
Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, ederal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Alina Ajnetdinova
Alina Ajnetdinova
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Natalya Mokrysheva
Natalya Mokrysheva
Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and malignancy are the two most common causes of hypercalcemia ( 1 ). Hypercalcemic crisis (HC) is an uncommon, but severe complication of PHPT more specifically for parathyroid cancer ( 2 ). The
Marlena Mueller
Marlena Mueller
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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Fahim Ebrahimi
Fahim Ebrahimi
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Emanuel Christ
Emanuel Christ
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Christian Andreas Nebiker
Christian Andreas Nebiker
Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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Philipp Schuetz
Philipp Schuetz
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Beat Mueller
Beat Mueller
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Alexander Kutz
Alexander Kutz
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is an increasingly prevalent endocrinopathy, predominantly affecting elderly women ( 1 , 2 ). Incidence rates increase with age, peaking in age-groups above 60 years, and varying with regard to
Cristina Lamas
Cristina Lamas
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Elena Navarro
Elena Navarro
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Anna Casterás
Anna Casterás
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Paloma Portillo
Paloma Portillo
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Victoria Alcázar
Victoria Alcázar
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
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María Calatayud
María Calatayud
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Univeristario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Cristina Álvarez-Escolá
Cristina Álvarez-Escolá
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Julia Sastre
Julia Sastre
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
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Evangelina Boix
Evangelina Boix
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
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Lluis Forga
Lluis Forga
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Almudena Vicente
Almudena Vicente
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
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Josep Oriola
Josep Oriola
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jordi Mesa
Jordi Mesa
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Nuria Valdés
Nuria Valdés
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is a rare hereditary disease, with an estimated prevalence of 0.15–0.30 cases per 1000 in general population ( 1 , 2 ). Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is its most common
Maria Mizamtsidi
Maria Mizamtsidi
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Constantinos Nastos
Constantinos Nastos
Second Department of Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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George Mastorakos
George Mastorakos
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Roberto Dina
Roberto Dina
Department of Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Ioannis Vassiliou
Ioannis Vassiliou
Second Department of Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Maria Gazouli
Maria Gazouli
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fausto Palazzo
Fausto Palazzo
Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Introduction Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands. According to the cause of hypersecretion, hyperparathyroidism can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary
E Vignali
E Vignali
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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F Cetani
F Cetani
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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S Chiavistelli
S Chiavistelli
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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A Meola
A Meola
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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F Saponaro
F Saponaro
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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R Centoni
R Centoni
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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L Cianferotti
L Cianferotti
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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C Marcocci
C Marcocci
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), and they described this entity as normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) (1, 2, 3) . This entity can only be recognized if PTH is measured in normocalcemic individuals. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, the most common cause
