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D Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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A R M Granata Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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M Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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infertile men has been reported in the literature since 1991 to variably improve fertilization and pregnancy rate (10, 11) . This therapy is popular in some countries, although doubts remain on its efficacy in the treatment of infertile men, particularly in

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Nathalie Ly Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Sophie Dubreuil Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Philippe Touraine Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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reduction of total human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) dose used ( 21 ), more mono-follicular recruitment ( 10 ), shorter duration of stimulation before pregnancy ( 22 ), better embryo quality and higher fertilization rate in intracytoplasmic sperm

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Nardin Aslih Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Mediea Michaeli Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Diana Mashenko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Adrian Ellenbogen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Oshrit Lebovitz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Yuval Atzmon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Einat Shalom-Paz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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-regulation protocols vs antagonist cycles ( 4 , 5 ) and reported that the E2/oocyte ratio is an important predictive parameter for IVF success. Loumaye et al. reported the highest pregnancy rate in long down-regulation cycles, in which the E2/oocyte ratio was 70

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Kathryn L Gatford Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Beverly S Muhlhausler FOOD plus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Lili Huang School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia

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Pamela Su-Lin Sim FOOD plus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Claire T Roberts Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Johannes D Velhuis Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Chen Chen School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia

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studied ( Fig. 1 ). Mean circulating GH and total and basal GH secretion rates were similar in non-pregnant diestrus mice, and in early pregnancy, increased markedly from early- to mid-pregnancy and then remained elevated in late pregnancy (gestational age

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David Q Pham Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona, California, USA
Mary & Dick Allen Diabetes Center at Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, California, USA

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Ashley Thorsell Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA

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Kristin Castorino Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA

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Brandon Cobb Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA

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associations with pregnancy outcomes. CONCEPTT trial participants had a low rate of CGM and of HbA1c target attainment especially for the trimester-specific ADA HbA1c targets. Attainment of CGM and NICE HbA1c targets increased throughout gestation and all

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Yasmin Shibli Abu Raya Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Asaf Bilgory Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Nardin Aslih Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Yuval Atzmon Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Maya Shavit Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Daniela Estrada Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Moamina Sharqawi Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Einat Shalom-Paz Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, The Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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(fresh or frozen) yielded high pregnancy rates and thus day 3 embryo transfers were preferred mainly for older patients with few embryos. Most cases with more than 10 good-quality cleavage stage embryos were cultured until day 5. Top-quality blastocysts

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Jennifer K Y Ko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Jinghua Shi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

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Raymond H W Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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William S B Yeung Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Ernest H Y Ng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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the skin upon sun exposure ( 4 ). In one study, significant seasonal variation of the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF), which was lower in spring despite higher fertilization rate and better embryo quality in those undergoing IVF in

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Ling Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Yingying Zhou Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Shiqiao Peng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Xinyi Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Laboratory Medical, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

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antibody are associated with a higher rate of spontaneous pregnancy loss as compared with women with TSH levels lower than 2.5 mIU/L ( 5 ). However, the mechanisms underlying miscarriage caused by SCH are still unclear. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is

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Caio Jordão Teixeira Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Junia Carolina Santos-Silva Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Dailson Nogueira de Souza Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Alex Rafacho Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

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Gabriel Forato Anhe Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Silvana Bordin Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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hyperglycemia in nondiabetic women ( 3 , 4 ). Concordantly, experiments with rats showed that exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) during the last third of pregnancy impaired maternal glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo , leading to glucose intolerance prior

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Rosalie Cabry Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Philippe Merviel Brest University, Brest, Bretagne, France

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Aicha Madkour Mohammed V University of Rabat, Reproductive Medicine, Rabat, Morocco

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Elodie Lefranc Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Florence Scheffler Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Rachel Desailloud Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Véronique Bach Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Moncef Benkhalifa Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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pesticides in the highly agricultural Picardy area of northern France (annual pesticide consumption: ~3900 tons). As a result, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates were lower in couples with a high prevalence of oocytes with CLCG than in couples with low

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