Angelica Sharma
Angelica Sharma
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Katharine Lazarus
Katharine Lazarus
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Deborah Papadopoulou
Deborah Papadopoulou
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Hemanth Prabhudev
Hemanth Prabhudev
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Tricia Tan
Tricia Tan
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Karim Meeran
Karim Meeran
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sirazum Choudhury
Sirazum Choudhury
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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curves generated from a total of 76 individuals. One patient (patient D) who was on prednisone 10 mg once daily from the United States for a chronic autoimmune disease wanted to convert to prednisolone as he moved to the UK and requested day curves to
Dafydd Aled Rees
Dafydd Aled Rees
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Deborah P Merke
Deborah P Merke
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, USA
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Wiebke Arlt
Wiebke Arlt
MRC LMS, London, United Kingdom
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Aude Brac De La Perriere
Aude Brac De La Perriere
Hospices Civils de Lyon - GHE - Endocrinologie, Bron, France
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Angelica Linden Hirschberg
Angelica Linden Hirschberg
Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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John Newell-Price
John Newell-Price
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Alessandro Prete
Alessandro Prete
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Endokrinologie, Nephrologie und weitere Sektionen - Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
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Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Philippe A Touraine
Philippe A Touraine
University Hospitals Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France
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Alex Lewis
Alex Lewis
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, London, United Kingdom
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John Porter
John Porter
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, London, United Kingdom
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Helen Coope
Helen Coope
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, London, United Kingdom
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Richard J Ross
Richard J Ross
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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). Prednisolone, prednisone, and dexamethasone are also given in the evening with the rationale that, being more potent and with a longer half-life, they could control the overnight rise in ACTH ( 6 ). Prednisolone and prednisone have a longer plasma elimination
Stephanie Burger-Stritt
Stephanie Burger-Stritt
Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Linda Bachmann
Linda Bachmann
Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Max Kurlbaum
Max Kurlbaum
Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Stefanie Hahner
Stefanie Hahner
Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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-to-use’ GC pen, is not available. Prednisone (PN) suppositories have been recommended by recent guidelines ( 14 ). However, the guidelines indicate that the level of evidence is low, as the rectal administration of PN (REC-PN), which is approved for the
Paal Methlie
Paal Methlie
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Steinar Hustad
Steinar Hustad
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Ralf Kellman
Ralf Kellman
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Bjørg Almås
Bjørg Almås
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Martina M Erichsen
Martina M Erichsen
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Eystein S Husebye
Eystein S Husebye
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Kristian Løvås
Kristian Løvås
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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monitoring of prednisone and prednisolone has the potential to optimize treatment (11, 12) . Because of the widespread use of these glucocorticoids and impact on endogenous cortisol levels, information on serum levels may also be valuable in the setting of a
Salem A Beshyah
Salem A Beshyah
Department of Medicine, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Khawla F Ali
Khawla F Ali
Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
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Hussein F Saadi
Hussein F Saadi
Department of Endocrinology, Medical Subspecialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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preparation do you, most commonly, use for replacement therapy? (Hydrocortisone, Cortisone acetate, Prednisone/Prednisolone, Long-acting prednisolone, Dexamethasone). 4. How do you usually divide the daily dose of glucocorticoids used for replacement
Marcus Quinkler
Marcus Quinkler
Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
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Bertil Ekman
Bertil Ekman
Departments of Endocrinology and Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Claudio Marelli
Claudio Marelli
Shire International GmbH, Zug, Switzerland
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Sharif Uddin
Sharif Uddin
Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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Pierre Zelissen
Pierre Zelissen
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Robert D Murray
Robert D Murray
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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on behalf of the EU-AIR Investigators
on behalf of the EU-AIR Investigators
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-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 converting it into the inactive metabolite prednisone ( 6 ). Inter-individual differences in the rate of metabolism of prednisolone result in variable metabolic clearance rates, which in part, may explain the observed differences in the
Jiaxin Zhang
Jiaxin Zhang
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jinlan Jiang
Jinlan Jiang
Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yao Qin
Yao Qin
School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yihui Zhang
Yihui Zhang
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yungang Wu
Yungang Wu
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Huadong Xu
Huadong Xu
School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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use of prednisone or cortisone. Study participants who had at least 12 alcoholic drinks/year were considered as drinkers, and those who smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life were considered as smokers following previous studies ( 21 , 22 ). The
Sirazum Choudhury
Sirazum Choudhury
Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Tricia Tan
Tricia Tan
Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Katharine Lazarus
Katharine Lazarus
Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Karim Meeran
Karim Meeran
Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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gastroenteritis ( 41 ) warranting particular mention in the SmPC as a situation where parenteral hydrocortisone may be needed ( 51 ). Prednisolone Prednisolone, and its prodrug prednisone were first synthesised as anti-arthritic agents in 1950 ( 52
L M Mongioì
L M Mongioì
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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R A Condorelli
R A Condorelli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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S La Vignera
S La Vignera
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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A E Calogero
A E Calogero
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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hypertension Hydrocortisone 30 mg/day 20 2 M 35 Autoimmune adrenalitis None Prednisone 15 mg/day 32 3 F 56 Autoimmune adrenalitis Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, premature ovarian failure (POF), vitamin D deficiency, empty
Ditte Sofie Dahl Sørensen
Ditte Sofie Dahl Sørensen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jesper Krogh
Jesper Krogh
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Åse Krogh Rasmussen
Åse Krogh Rasmussen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mikkel Andreassen
Mikkel Andreassen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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(before glucocorticoid administration) evaluation for patients receiving hydrocortisone or night-time prednisone, or late afternoon evaluation for patients receiving morning prednisone or night-time dexamethasone ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). Since we did not advise
