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  • pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor x
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Ying Pei Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Rui Wang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Wanyu Chen Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Shulin Yi Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Chen Huang Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Shaochan Liang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hongying Cao School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yifei Xu Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China

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Bo Tan Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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EFS, colonic neuromuscular relaxation distinctly increased in the HGD and HFD groups ( Fig. 4A and B , P < 0.01). Meanwhile, EFS-stimulated colonic neuromuscular relaxation was significantly decreased after pre-incubation with l -NAME in the NFD

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Jan-Bernd Stukenborg NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Kirsi Jahnukainen NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Division of Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Marsida Hutka MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Rod T Mitchell MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Edinburgh Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK

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important for regulating factors (e.g. retinoic acid) that prevent premature meiotic development in germ cells of the foetal testis, thus supporting the development of pre-spermatogonia ( 28 , 29 ). In mice, this includes effects on the retinoic acid

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A H Ludwig-Slomczynska Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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S Borys Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland

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M T Seweryn Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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J Hohendorff Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland

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P Kapusta Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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B Kiec-Wilk Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland

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E Pitera Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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P P Wolkow Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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M T Malecki Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland

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response as they can express and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a, TGF-B), colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) and immunomodulatory cytokines ( 28 ). It was also shown that defensin human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1) is able to inhibit

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Nese Cinar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Alper Gurlek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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humans. More studies are needed to clarify the relationship between vaspin and thyroid hormones. Visfatin Visfatin, previously defined as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor, is a 52-kDa cytokine expressed and secreted by lymphocytes (57) . Visfatin is

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Chunliang Yang Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Junyi Li Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Fei Sun The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Haifeng Zhou Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Jia Yang Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Chao Yang Department of Gerontology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China

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cells. Subsequent studies, however, indicated that SGK1 is widely expressed in various cell types following a vast array of external stimulations, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) ( 4 ). Multiple endocrine hormones

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Xuan Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Tingting Zheng Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chaoming Mao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xin Dong Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xiao Mou Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chengcheng Xu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Qingyan Lu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Baocui Liu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Shengjun Wang Department of Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China

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Yichuan Xiao Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Pathology 2002 161 195 – 206 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64171-5 ) 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64171-5 24 Chen MP Chung FM Chang DM Tsai JC Huang HF Shin SJ Lee YJ . Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing

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Djeda Belharazem Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Matthias Kirchner Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Franziska Geissler Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Peter Bugert Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Martin Spahn Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Burkhard Kneitz Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Hubertus Riedmiller Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Christian Sauer Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Stefan Küffer Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Lutz Trojan Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Christian Bolenz Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Maurice Stephan Michel Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Alexander Marx Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Philipp Ströbel Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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enhancer. IGFs regulate cell growth and differentiation in humans. IGF2 is the predominant IGF in adults (17) and is imprinted in most tissues with few exceptions such as choroid plexus, leptomeninges, developing retina, and thymus (18, 19) . LOI and

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Fei Wu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chaoming Mao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xiao Mou Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chengcheng Xu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Tingting Zheng Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Ling Bu Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China

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Xuan Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Qingyan Lu Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China

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Xuefeng Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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FM Chang DM Tsai JC Huang HF Shin SJ Lee YJ . Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 295 – 299 . ( https

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Chenyu Jiang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Mi Zhou Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Huai Bai Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Meng Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Chunyi Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Kaifeng Hu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yujie Wu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qingqing Liu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yangyu Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xinghui Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Ping Fan Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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offspring ( 1 , 3 ). The pathogenesis of GDM is still unclear, but there is growing evidence that genetic variants, advanced maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, unbalanced hormone secretion, and/or β-cell

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E T Aristizabal Prada Department of Internal Medicine IV, Campus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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C J Auernhammer Department of Internal Medicine IV, Campus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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octreotide caused no enhanced anti-tumour activity in comparison to mTORC1 inhibition alone in human NET cell lines BON1 and H727 ( 66 , 68 , 86 ) and primary tumour cells in vitro . The lack of effect of octreotide in BON1 and H727 cells might be because

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