Ida Staby
Ida Staby
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jesper Krogh
Jesper Krogh
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Marianne Klose
Marianne Klose
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jonas Baekdal
Jonas Baekdal
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lars Poulsgaard
Lars Poulsgaard
Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jacob Bertram Springborg
Jacob Bertram Springborg
Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mikkel Andreassen
Mikkel Andreassen
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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hypopituitarism both before and after surgery. Evaluation of hypopituitarism includes clinical examination and assessment of pituitary hormone axes. Most crucial is the evaluation of adrenal function to secure proper treatment of adrenal insufficiency (AI) and to
Deirdre Green
Deirdre Green
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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Rosemary Dineen
Rosemary Dineen
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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Michael W O’Reilly
Michael W O’Reilly
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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Mark Sherlock
Mark Sherlock
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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affecting the normal structure and function of the adrenal gland, leading to a deficiency in glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and adrenal androgens ( 2 ). Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) occurs due to impairment of the hypothalamus–pituitary
Mikkel Andreassen
Mikkel Andreassen
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Jørgensen
Niels Jørgensen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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). The vast majority of patients with adult-onset pituitary insufficiency, independent of reason, have partial insufficiency with detectable but inappropriately low levels of pituitary hormones including gonadotropins ( 5 ), and the condition will usually
Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska
Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska
Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Łukasz Kluczyński
Łukasz Kluczyński
Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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more attention due to new reports of pituitary insufficiency caused by relatively mild, repetitive brain traumas. The incidence of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) is likely underestimated. Based on the review of literature published between May
Emmanuelle Motte
Emmanuelle Motte
UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Simone Veil, Université Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Anya Rothenbuhler
Anya Rothenbuhler
Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Stephan Gaillard
Stephan Gaillard
Department of Neurosurgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
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Najiba Lahlou
Najiba Lahlou
APHP, Department of Hormonal Biology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Cécile Teinturier
Cécile Teinturier
Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Régis Coutant
Régis Coutant
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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Agnès Linglart
Agnès Linglart
Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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volume through the stimulation of pituitary ACTH secretion driven by the adrenal insufficiency. Indeed, some decades ago, it was suggested that Nelson’s syndrome could develop as a consequence of adrenalectomy in children ( 39 ). Side effects were
Reem Al Argan
Reem Al Argan
Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Abdulaziz Ramadhan
Abdulaziz Ramadhan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ramanakumar V Agnihotram
Ramanakumar V Agnihotram
Statistician, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jeffrey Chankowsky
Jeffrey Chankowsky
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Juan Rivera
Juan Rivera
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Introduction Pituitary adenomas (PA) are frequent intracranial neoplasms ( 1 , 2 ). About half of these tumors are non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), meaning that they do not secrete a hormonal product capable of causing a clinical
Anastasia P Athanasoulia-Kaspar
Anastasia P Athanasoulia-Kaspar
Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Matthias K Auer
Matthias K Auer
Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Günter K Stalla
Günter K Stalla
Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Mira Jakovcevski
Mira Jakovcevski
Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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15 86.5 15.63 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. HbA1c (%) 94 21 5.53 0.64 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Pituitary insufficiency of any axis 90 (78.3) 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. GHD 79
Lukas Plachy
Lukas Plachy
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Petra Dusatkova
Petra Dusatkova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klara Maratova
Klara Maratova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Shenali Anne Amaratunga
Shenali Anne Amaratunga
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dana Zemkova
Dana Zemkova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vit Neuman
Vit Neuman
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stanislava Kolouskova
Stanislava Kolouskova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Barbora Obermannova
Barbora Obermannova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Marta Snajderova
Marta Snajderova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zdenek Sumnik
Zdenek Sumnik
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Lebl
Jan Lebl
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stepanka Pruhova
Stepanka Pruhova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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, 42 , 43 ), but are not typically associated with CPHD. Notably, a variant in the PMM2 gene was previously described in one patient with CPHD and pituitary stalk interruption syndrome ( 44 ) and another patient with central adrenal insufficiency
Saroj Kumar Sahoo
Saroj Kumar Sahoo
Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Division of Endocrinology, Mid and South Essex NHS Trust, Broomfield, UK
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Division of Endocrinology, Mid and South Essex NHS Trust, Broomfield, UK
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Jayakrishnan C Menon
Jayakrishnan C Menon
Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Nidhi Tripathy
Nidhi Tripathy
Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Monalisa Nayak
Monalisa Nayak
Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
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Subhash Yadav
Subhash Yadav
Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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& Kelestimur F . Hypothalamic-pituitary axis function and adrenal insufficiency in COVID-19 patients . Neuroimmunomodulation 2023 30 215 – 225 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000534025 ) 42 Dellinger RP Levy MM Rhodes A Annane D Gerlach H Opal SM
Filippo Ceccato
Filippo Ceccato
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Elisa Selmin
Elisa Selmin
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Giorgia Antonelli
Giorgia Antonelli
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mattia Barbot
Mattia Barbot
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Andrea Daniele
Andrea Daniele
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Marco Boscaro
Marco Boscaro
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mario Plebani
Mario Plebani
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Carla Scaroni
Carla Scaroni
Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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0.21 (0.01) 0.24 (0.02) 0.32 (0.07) Salivary F/E 30 0.5 (0.02) 0.46 (0.04) 0.44 (0.13) a P < 0.001 vs no treatment; b P < 0.001 vs stress dose. AI, adrenal insufficiency; HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; RAS
