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the emergence of adenomas, hyperplasias and carcinomas ( 5 , 6 ), although it seems that epigenetic changes could also participate actively in parathyroid tumorigenesis ( 7 , 8 ). The main focus of the present study is to present the current optimal
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Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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). Approximately 85% of all PHPT cases are caused by sporadic single-gland parathyroid adenomas (PTAs), benign tumors which typically release inappropriately high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cause hypercalcemia, in turn often leading to osteoporosis
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negative result. The search for mutations of other genes involved in parathyroid tumorigenesis allowed the identification of a c.374_375delCT germline mutation in the CDKN1B gene, leading to the diagnosis of MEN4. The age at diagnosis of PHPT in our
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Introduction The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1, MIM131100) is primarily characterized by parathyroid, gastro-entero-pancreatic and pituitary tumors ( 1 , 2 ). Less frequently, it is associated with adrenocortical ( 3
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of endocrine tumors mainly affecting parathyroid, pituitary and pancreatic islet. Adrenal lesions occur in 20–55% of MEN1
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, characterised by the combined occurrence of tumours of the parathyroid glands, and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the pancreatic islets and anterior
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the occurrence of parathyroid, pancreatic islet and anterior pituitary tumours. In addition, some patients may also develop adrenal
Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Bone Quality and Health Assessment Centre, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured spectrophostometrically using routine assays available at the central laboratory of PUMCH. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and beta- C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) were measured by an
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. In MEN1, lesions of parathyroid glands have the highest penetrance; they manifest with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Conversely, PHPT is a powerful etiological factor that can lead to bone disorders including the significant decrease in bone
F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
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-endocrine tissues, caused by germline heterozygote inactivating mutations of the MEN1 tumor-suppressor gene. The main affected organs are parathyroid glands, neuroendocrine cells of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract (GEP), and the anterior pituitary. Multiple