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Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine tumor that accounts for <0.5–5% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment for PC. To prevent local
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Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases ( 1 , 2 ). PC may occur sporadically or as part of genetic syndromes. The most frequent
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Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare disease, accounting for 0.005% of all malignancies ( 1 ) and representing approximately 1–5% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases ( 2 , 3 ). It is worth noting that the best
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inactivating mutations of the MEN1 gene, encoding menin, an intracellular protein that interacts with transcription factors involved in cell cycle regulation and proliferation ( 8 ). Fifteen well-documented cases of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) and one atypical
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease usually caused by a parathyroid adenoma (in 85% of cases) or by glandular hyperplasia (15% of cases). Parathyroid carcinoma is only rarely the underlying cause (PC
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carcinomas ( 14 ), pheochromocytomas ( 15 ) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms ( 16 ). But PD-L1 expression was significantly different among these tumor types. No studies have investigated PD-L1 expression in parathyroid adenoma and
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as cancer (1, 2, 3) . Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare (<1% of parathyroid tumours), but today's oncological treatment regimens have only a limited effect (4
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Y Imai T Ohno M Narita T Katoh M Tanaka Y Tobinaga J Andoh H Miyazaki K. Our technique of parathyroid autotransplantation in operation for papillary thyroid carcinoma . Surgery 1993 114 92 – 96 . 15 Kikumori T Imai T Tanaka Y Oiwa M Mase T
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glands (10%), double adenomas (2–5%) or rarely parathyroid carcinomas (<1%) ( 1 , 2 ). The wide spectrum of disease presentation is very important as different management strategies are in demand. There are data implicating specific genetic pathways in
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Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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typical onset in early adulthood, but it can occur at any age, and in about 15% of cases is caused by parathyroid carcinoma ( 4 , 7 ). PHPT is rarely if ever the first manifestation of MEN2A ( 5 ). The typical features of PHPT in MEN4 have not been