Roxanne C S van Adrichem
Roxanne C S van Adrichem
Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Endocrinology, ENETS Centre of Excellence for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Aart Jan van der Lely
Aart Jan van der Lely
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Martin Huisman
Martin Huisman
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Piet Kramer
Piet Kramer
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Richard A Feelders
Richard A Feelders
Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Endocrinology, ENETS Centre of Excellence for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Patric J D Delhanty
Patric J D Delhanty
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wouter W de Herder
Wouter W de Herder
Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Endocrinology, ENETS Centre of Excellence for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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). Neoplastic effects of ghrelin have been reported as well including: cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis ( 17 , 18 , 19 ). Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors characterized by the
Hanbaro Kim
Hanbaro Kim
Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Ki Byung Song
Ki Byung Song
Division of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dae Wook Hwang
Dae Wook Hwang
Division of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jae Hoon Lee
Jae Hoon Lee
Division of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shadi Alshammary
Shadi Alshammary
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Song Cheol Kim
Song Cheol Kim
Division of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), also known as islet cell tumors, are rare neoplasms arising from the endocrine pancreas, with a reported incidence of <1 per 100,000 persons per year ( 1 , 2 ). However, the incidence of
Qi Zhang
Qi Zhang
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hongshan Wang
Hongshan Wang
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yanhong Xie
Yanhong Xie
Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Suming Huang
Suming Huang
Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ke Chen
Ke Chen
Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Botian Ye
Botian Ye
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yupeng Yang
Yupeng Yang
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jie Sun
Jie Sun
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hongyong He
Hongyong He
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fenglin Liu
Fenglin Liu
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhenbin Shen
Zhenbin Shen
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Weidong Chen
Weidong Chen
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kuntang Shen
Kuntang Shen
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yuan Ji
Yuan Ji
Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yihong Sun
Yihong Sun
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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activity ( 1 ). The prognosis of high-grade GEP-NENs, also known as grade 3 GEP-NENs, was much worse than that of grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors (G1 NET) and grade 2 neuroendocrine tumors (G2 NET) ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). However, the 2010 WHO classification was
Matteo Scopel
Matteo Scopel
Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Eugenio De Carlo
Eugenio De Carlo
Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Francesca Bergamo
Francesca Bergamo
Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Sabina Murgioni
Sabina Murgioni
Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Riccardo Carandina
Riccardo Carandina
Radiodiagnostic Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Anna Rita Cervino
Anna Rita Cervino
Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Marta Burei
Marta Burei
Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Federica Vianello
Federica Vianello
Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Vittorina Zagonel
Vittorina Zagonel
Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Matteo Fassan
Matteo Fassan
Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Roberto Vettor
Roberto Vettor
Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous family of neoplasms that originate from cells belonging to the widespread neuroendocrine system. These cells appear to be ubiquitous in the human body, but the main sites are the
Katherine Van Loon
Katherine Van Loon
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Li Zhang
Li Zhang
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Jennifer Keiser
Jennifer Keiser
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Cendy Carrasco
Cendy Carrasco
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Katherine Glass
Katherine Glass
The UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, UCSF Box 1770, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Maria-Teresa Ramirez
Maria-Teresa Ramirez
The UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, UCSF Box 1770, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Sarah Bobiak
Sarah Bobiak
The UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, UCSF Box 1770, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Eric K Nakakura
Eric K Nakakura
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Alan P Venook
Alan P Venook
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Manisha H Shah
Manisha H Shah
The UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, UCSF Box 1770, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Emily K Bergsland
Emily K Bergsland
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Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from the many cells of the diffuse endocrine system, which possess unique functions and the potential for hormone production. As such, NETs represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable
Elham Barazeghi
Elham Barazeghi
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Per Hellman
Per Hellman
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gunnar Westin
Gunnar Westin
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Peter Stålberg
Peter Stålberg
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Introduction Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) arise from enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which are small and slow-growing (Ki67 proliferation index is often <2%) tumors with annual incidence of 1 per 100
Paweł Komarnicki
Paweł Komarnicki
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Paweł Gut
Paweł Gut
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Jan Musiałkiewicz
Jan Musiałkiewicz
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Maja Cieślewicz
Maja Cieślewicz
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Adam Maciejewski
Adam Maciejewski
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Prachi Patel
Prachi Patel
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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George Mastorakos
George Mastorakos
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Marek Ruchała
Marek Ruchała
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) make up a heterogeneous group of neoplasms stemming from the diffuse endocrine system (DES) ( 1 ). Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) represent a subdivision, most commonly
Olof Joakim Pettersson
Olof Joakim Pettersson
Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Katarzyna Fröss-Baron
Katarzyna Fröss-Baron
Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Joakim Crona
Joakim Crona
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Anders Sundin
Anders Sundin
Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Introduction Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors comprise a variety of tumors, originating from stem cells in the gastrointestinal canal and pancreatic islets. An incidence of approximately 5 per 100,000 person-years is often
Dan Liang
Dan Liang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Han Chen
Han Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li-Yong Zhong
Li-Yong Zhong
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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). Neuroendocrine disorders may probably be due to the tumor mass effect in sellar area as well as to the related treatment. Neuroendocrine disorders affect the initial presentations, the safety during the period of neurosurgery and chemoradiotherapy, and
Peiwen Wu
Peiwen Wu
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Dongjie He
Dongjie He
Department of Radiation Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Hao Chang
Hao Chang
Department of Radiation Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Xiaozhi Zhang
Xiaozhi Zhang
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Background Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare group of tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells and peptidergic neurons with endocrine functions and express neuroendocrine markers. NETs can occur in any body part, but they occur most
