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Introduction The term micropenis encompasses a range of congenital and acquired conditions that present as abnormally short penises with a stretched length of more than 2.5 standard deviations ( s.d. ) below the mean for a particular age
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: puberty onset and progression, testicular volume, gonadotropin, and total testosterone serum levels, sperm parameters and fertility, micropenis. Methods Sources Data used to perform this systematic review were independently extracted by A C and
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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association between TBX3 variants with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), signs of hypogonadism, including bilateral cryptorchidism, micropenis and delayed puberty, have been repeatedly reported among patients with UMS ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8
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, male-type external genitalia with bilateral cryptorchidism and/or micropenis and/or hypospadias, female-type external genitalia with clitoral enlargement and/or labia fusion and/or inguinal mass and/or inguinal hernia, gonadal dysplasia (GD), absent
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan, Safed, Israel
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) Phenotype b Others PH Penile length (cm) TV (mL) 1 Arab-Muslim No Female 10 Bilateral UDT, micropenis, hypospadias G4 46,XY 13.5 P3 5.5 4 ADHD, learning difficulties 2 Arab-Muslim Yes Female 90
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of whom were prepubertal children who attended our center due to anosmia, and 1 neonate treated at our center due to cryptorchidism and a micropenis. The diagnosis of IGD was based on previously described criteria ( 6 ) as follows: (i) absent or
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). Endocrine dysfunctions are commonly associated with CHARGE syndrome. Approximately 60–80% of patients with CHARGE syndrome present with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, manifesting as genital hypoplasia such as micropenis or cryptorchidism in males and delayed
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Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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INSERM UMR_S933, Paris, France
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Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
INSERM UMR_S933, Paris, France
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severe form of HSD3B2 mutation, male patients present neonatal salt wasting, as well as disorders of sexual development (DSD), with micropenis and severe hypospadias. The external genitalia morphogenesis is impaired due to the diminished testosterone
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of the purpose and nature of all procedures used. Features that suggest the diagnosis of DSD include overt genital ambiguity, apparent male genitalia with non-palpable testis, micropenis, isolated perineal hypospadias, apparent female genitalia with
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Severe hypospadias and bilateral cryptorchidism 16 (2.9) 0.02 (0–0.04) 0 Micropenis 5 (0.9) 0.01 (0–10.6) 0 Micropenis and bilateral cryptorchidism 6 (1.1) 0.1 (0–10.5) 20 Micropenis and severe hypospadias 8 (1