M Krause
M Krause
Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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H Frederiksen
H Frederiksen
Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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K Sundberg
K Sundberg
Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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F S Jørgensen
F S Jørgensen
Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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L N Jensen
L N Jensen
Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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P Nørgaard
P Nørgaard
Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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C Jørgensen
C Jørgensen
Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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P Ertberg
P Ertberg
Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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J H Petersen
J H Petersen
Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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U Feldt-Rasmussen
U Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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A Juul
A Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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K T Drzewiecki
K T Drzewiecki
Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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N E Skakkebaek
N E Skakkebaek
Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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A M Andersson
A M Andersson
Department of Growth and Reproduction & International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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both verbal and nonverbal cognitive function of infants later in life ( 46 ). Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy has, on the other hand, been shown to be associated with increased risk of low birth weight and being small for gestational age ( 47 , 48
Huma Qamar
Huma Qamar
Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nandita Perumal
Nandita Perumal
Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Eszter Papp
Eszter Papp
Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Alison D Gernand
Alison D Gernand
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abdullah Al Mahmud
Abdullah Al Mahmud
Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Daniel E Roth
Daniel E Roth
Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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fetal skeletal growth and are correlated with indicators of IUGR ( 6 , 7 ); for example, birth length strongly correlates with fetal femur length based on ultrasound ( 8 ). In low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh, where LBW and SGA are
Robert Rapaport
Robert Rapaport
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Jan M Wit
Jan M Wit
Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Martin O Savage
Martin O Savage
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
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publications, the term ‘SGA’ has gradually transformed from the description of low birth size (birth weight and/or length) into a diagnostic label indicating a ‘short individual born SGA’ ( 42 ). Although originally clinicians may have thought that the low
Shiori Minabe
Shiori Minabe
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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Kinuyo Iwata
Kinuyo Iwata
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Youki Watanabe
Youki Watanabe
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Hirotaka Ishii
Hirotaka Ishii
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Hitoshi Ozawa
Hitoshi Ozawa
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
Faculty of Health Science, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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Faculty of Health Science, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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model of low birth weight infants by maternal food restriction There were no significant differences in BW between the two maternal groups (control groups and UN groups) on GD9; however, maternal food restriction caused a significant decrease in
Britt J van Keulen
Britt J van Keulen
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michelle Romijn
Michelle Romijn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Marita de Waard
Marita de Waard
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, locations AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michaela F Hartmann
Michaela F Hartmann
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Johannes B van Goudoever
Johannes B van Goudoever
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, locations AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stefan A Wudy
Stefan A Wudy
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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days of life as add-on to own mother’s milk in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW), that is, a birth weight < 1500 g. VLBW infants admitted at one of six participating neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) throughout the Netherlands were
Panisa Hantrakun
Panisa Hantrakun
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Rattanaporn Sekararithi
Rattanaporn Sekararithi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Thidarat Jaiwongkam
Thidarat Jaiwongkam
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Sirinart Kumfu
Sirinart Kumfu
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Chatree Chai-adisaksopha
Chatree Chai-adisaksopha
Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Theera Tongsong
Theera Tongsong
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Phudit Jatavan
Phudit Jatavan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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.5%) Birth weight (gm) 3204 ± 393 3018 ± 364 0.037 Low APGAR score (<7) At 1 minute-of-life 2 (5.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.152 At 5 minute-of-life – – At 10 minute-of-life – – Neonatal blood glucose (mg
Volha V Zhukouskaya
Volha V Zhukouskaya
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Anya Rothenbuhler
Anya Rothenbuhler
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Annamaria Colao
Annamaria Colao
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Carolina Di Somma
Carolina Di Somma
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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Peter Kamenický
Peter Kamenický
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Séverine Trabado
Séverine Trabado
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Hormonology, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Hormonology, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Dominique Prié
Dominique Prié
Université Paris V, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
Hôpital Necker EnfantsMalades APHP, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
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Hôpital Necker EnfantsMalades APHP, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
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Christelle Audrain
Christelle Audrain
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Anna Barosi
Anna Barosi
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Christèle Kyheng
Christèle Kyheng
APHP, Department of Adolescent Medicine, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Anne-Sophie Lambert
Anne-Sophie Lambert
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Adolescent Medicine, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Adolescent Medicine, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Agnès Linglart
Agnès Linglart
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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hypothesized that low phosphorus intake may be involved in the progression of weight gain and metabolic syndrome ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ). Today, a growing body of scientific evidence shows an inverse relationship between serum phosphate
Søs Dragsbæk Larsen
Søs Dragsbæk Larsen
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Christine Dalgård
Christine Dalgård
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Mathilde Egelund Christensen
Mathilde Egelund Christensen
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Sine Lykkedegn
Sine Lykkedegn
Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Louise Bjørkholt Andersen
Louise Bjørkholt Andersen
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Marianne Andersen
Marianne Andersen
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Dorte Glintborg
Dorte Glintborg
Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Henrik Thybo Christesen
Henrik Thybo Christesen
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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(never/rarely, sometimes, often, or most of the time), gestational weight gain and vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy (<10 µg/day or ≥10 µg/day). Data on maternal country of birth (western/non-western) were provided by the Municipality of Odense
Ahmet Uçar
Ahmet Uçar
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Nurçin Saka
Nurçin Saka
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Firdevs Baş
Firdevs Baş
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Nihal Hatipoğlu
Nihal Hatipoğlu
Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rüveyde Bundak
Rüveyde Bundak
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Feyza Darendeliler
Feyza Darendeliler
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uncertain, and genetic factors have been proposed (2, 3) . PA has been associated with type 2 diabetes, coronary arterial disease (CAD), hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in adulthood (4, 5) . These long-term complications have been linked to low birth
Xin He
Xin He
Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Qin Yan
Qin Yan
Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Chazhen Liu
Chazhen Liu
Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Zhengyuan Wang
Zhengyuan Wang
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Ping Liao
Ping Liao
Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Tong Liu
Tong Liu
Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Zehuan Shi
Zehuan Shi
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Qi Song
Qi Song
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Xueying Cui
Xueying Cui
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Wenjing Wang
Wenjing Wang
Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Jiajie Zang
Jiajie Zang
Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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hypothyroidism on birth outcomes remains controversial. Recent studies have shown that subclinical hypothyroidism may be related to some adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as premature delivery and low birth weight ( 12 , 14 , 44 ). Unfortunately, the association
