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Emmely M de Vries Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Hermina C van Beeren Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Albert C W A van Wijk Department of Experimental Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Andries Kalsbeek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Johannes A Romijn Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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regulation, fasting changes peripheral thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, thereby contributing to the low serum TH concentrations ( 2 , 3 , 4 ), and also to low tissue TH concentrations ( 5 ). In the liver, TH can be metabolized via different pathways

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David Koeckerling Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Jeremy F Cobbold Oxford Liver Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Why fight liver fat? What is NAFLD? Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognised as the most common aetiology of chronic liver disease, with an estimated global prevalence of 25.2%, and as a major cause of cirrhosis and

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Leanne Hodson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK

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Fredrik Karpe Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK

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Introduction The liver is a key metabolic organ that performs a multitude of physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic lipid and glucose metabolism. It provides metabolic flexibility where, over the course of a day

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Christin Krause Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Martina Grohs Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Alexander T El Gammal Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Stefan Wolter Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Hendrik Lehnert Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Oliver Mann Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Jens Mittag Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Henriette Kirchner Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease in Western countries, affecting for instance more than 10% of all adults in the United States. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of different stages

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Sandra Pereira Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Jessy Moore Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Jia-Xu Li Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Wen Qin Yu Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Husam Ghanim Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA

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Filip Vlavcheski Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Yemisi Deborah Joseph Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Paresh Dandona Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA

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Allen Volchuk Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Carolyn L Cummins Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Evangelia Tsiani Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Adria Giacca Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Introduction Obesity is characterized by elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) that cause insulin resistance in the liver and periphery ( 1 , 2 ). FFAs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which occurs when misfolded or unfolded

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Bledar Daka Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

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Thord Rosen Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

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Per Anders Jansson Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lennart Råstam Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

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Charlotte A Larsson Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf Lindblad Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

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Introduction Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a circulating plasma globulin binding sex hormones, both oestradiol and testosterone and is produced primarily by the liver. In two recent studies, SHBG could predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) in

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Robert Maidstone Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Martin K Rutter Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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Thomas Marjot Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oxford Liver Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK

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David W Ray Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Matthew Baxter Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Introduction Life in advanced societies is a challenge to evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulating rhythmic human behaviour. In preindustrial societies sunlight exposure dominates organisation of activity, feeding, and fasting. The liver

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Aneta Gawlik Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Upper Silesia Children’s Care Health Centre, Katowice, Poland

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Michael Shmoish Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Michaela F Hartmann Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

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Stefan A Wudy Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

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Zbigniew Olczak Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Upper Silesia Children’s Care Health Centre, Katowice, Poland

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Katarzyna Gruszczynska Department of Diagnostic Imaging, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Upper Silesia Children’s Care Health Centre, Katowice, Poland

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Ze’ev Hochberg Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Introduction Nonsyndromic childhood obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of conditions, ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and various degrees of fibrosis and cirrhosis ( 1

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Magaly Zappa Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
INSERM, UMR1149 CRI, Paris, France
Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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Olivia Hentic Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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Marie-Pierre Vullierme Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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Matthieu Lagadec Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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Maxime Ronot Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
INSERM, UMR1149 CRI, Paris, France
Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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Philippe Ruszniewski Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
INSERM, UMR1149 CRI, Paris, France
Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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Valérie Vilgrain Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
INSERM, UMR1149 CRI, Paris, France
Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Clichy, France

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grouped as gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, or GEP-NETs. They are frequently metastasised at diagnosis, and the liver is the most common site of metastases ( 1 ). The presence of liver metastases is a significant negative prognostic factor

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María L Bacigalupo Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Verónica G Piazza Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Nadia S Cicconi Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Pablo Carabias Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Andrzej Bartke Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

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Yimin Fang Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

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Ana I Sotelo Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Gabriel A Rabinovich Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María F Troncoso Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Johanna G Miquet Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Introduction Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide ( 1 ). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of liver tumors and it is strongly associated with chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection

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