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Sandrine Visentin Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, AP-HM, Timone Enfants Hospital, Marseille, France
Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France

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Gérard Michel Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, AP-HM, Timone Enfants Hospital, Marseille, France
Research Unit EA 3279 and Department of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

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Claire Oudin Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, AP-HM, Timone Enfants Hospital, Marseille, France
Research Unit EA 3279 and Department of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

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Béatrice Cousin STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France

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Bénédicte Gaborit Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France

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Inès Abdesselam Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France

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Marie Maraninchi Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France

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Marion Nowicki Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France

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René Valéro Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology Department, AP-HM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France

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Maxime Guye AP-HM, Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France

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Monique Bernard AP-HM, Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France

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Pascal Auquier Research Unit EA 3279 and Department of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

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Hervé Chambost Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, AP-HM, Timone Enfants Hospital, Marseille, France

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Marie-Christine Alessi Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France

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Sophie Béliard Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology Department, AP-HM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France

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deficiency ( 7 ), chronic inflammation ( 8 ), nutritional deficiencies, gut microbiome, endothelial dysfunction ( 9 ) and irradiation ( 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 ). Several studies have demonstrated that total body irradiation (TBI), given as a conditioning regimen

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Julia Beckhaus Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Svenja Boekhoff Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Katrin Scheinemann Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Freimut H Schilling Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland

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Gudrun Fleischhack Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

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Gerhard Binder University Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Brigitte Bison Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Torsten Pietsch Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany

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Carsten Friedrich Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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last visit +0.73 –0.03 +0.95 Presurgical grade of HI (3) II I II Grade of surgical HL (3) I I 0 Irradiation Proton beam therapy No No Arginine–vasopressin deficiency No Yes No TSH deficiency

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Laura van Iersel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Sarah C Clement Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Annemieke M Boot Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Bernd Granzen Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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K Sen Han Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Geert O Janssens Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Erna M Michiels Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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W Peter Vandertop Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Dannis G van Vuurden Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Hubert N Caron Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Leontien C M Kremer Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Hanneke M van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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, excluding craniopharyngioma or a pituitary gland tumor, between January 2002 and December 2012 ( n  = 258). The patients received cranial or craniospinal irradiation and had survived ≥ 2 years after diagnosis with either stable residual disease or no

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Izabelle Lövgren Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Azadeh Abravan Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Abigail Bryce-Atkinson Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Marcel van Herk Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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small-cell lung carcinoma ( 5 ). However, cranial irradiation has previously been identified as a risk factor for endocrinopathy. Radiation damage to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which orchestrate hormone release from within the brain, can lead

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Mette Marie Baunsgaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Anne Sophie Lind Helligsoe Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Louise Tram Henriksen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Torben Stamm Mikkelsen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Michael Callesen Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen, Denmark

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Britta Weber The Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Henrik Hasle Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Niels Birkebæk Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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). Irradiation-induced GHD is dose-dependent ( 19 ), might occur even after low radiation doses ( 20 ), and can evolve over time years after treatment has been completed ( 21 ). The consequences of GHD are many: reduced linear growth in children, decreased bone

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David S McLaren Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Aarani Devi Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos Kyriakakis Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Michelle Kwok-Williams Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Robert D Murray Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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head and neck tumours, acute leukaemia with CNS involvement, as well as during total body irradiation (TBI) utilised as preconditioning before bone or stem cell transplantation. Cranial RT treatment volumes may be localised to the tumour's original site

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V G Pluimakers Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M van Waas Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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C W N Looman Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M P de Maat Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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R de Jonge Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P Delhanty Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M Huisman Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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F U S Mattace-Raso Section Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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S J C M M Neggers Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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vascular ultrasound measurements in CCS. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop a strategy for determining MetS even in abdominally irradiated long-term survivors of childhood nephro- and neuroblastoma, using an integrated biomarker profile

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Luminita Nicoleta Cima Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Anca Colita Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Hematology Department, Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Simona Fica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Endocrine Department, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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on QoL ( 6 ), including hot flashes, risk for osteoporosis and mood lability ( 7 ). Total body irradiation, even low-dose regimen, as well as the chemotherapeutic agents used in the conditioning regimen for HSCT, and the deleterious effects of

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Agnieszka Bogusz Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland

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Svenja Boekhoff Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Monika Warmuth-Metz Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany

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Gabriele Calaminus Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Maria Eveslage Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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. In KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007, the decision on time point of irradiation (immediate irradiation vs irradiation at the time point of progression of residual tumor) was randomized for a small subgroup of patients ( n  = 24) fulfilling the following inclusion

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Josef Köhrle Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany

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Martina Rauner Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Susan A Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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physicians Hess and Weinstock and the biochemist Steenbock clearly demonstrated that not only the UV exposure of white rats, but also UV irradiation of their daily chow could prevent rickets ( 6 , 7 ). Since then, the beneficial effects of ‘vitasterin

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