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Wang Chengji College of Physical Education, Chaohu University, Anhui Province, China

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Fan Xianjin College of Physical Education, Chaohu University, Anhui Province, China

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venous thromboembolism ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). Although reducing fasting plasma glucose levels to normal is seen as a way to prevent negative cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction or stroke ( 10 ), the most recent study with insulin

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Chao Xu Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Xiang-Fei Li Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Hong-Yan Tian Department of Ocean Technology, College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Province Jiangsu, China

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Hua-Juan Shi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Ding-Dong Zhang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Kenneth Prudence Abasubong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Wen-Bin Liu Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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, most teleost fish are considered to be glucose-intolerant with a persistent hyperglycemia often observed after a glucose load or the ingestion of carbohydrate-rich diets ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). At present, several valid hypotheses have been proposed to explain

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Ling Zhou Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Ruixue Zhang Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Shuangyan Yang Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Yaguang Zhang Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Dandan Shi Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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). Briefly, after fasting for 6 h, mice were intraperitoneally injected with glucose at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured at the indicated time points after glucose injection using a glucometer (Roche Diagnostics). For the

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Ping Gu Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yuege Lin Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qi Wan Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Dongming Su Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qun Shu Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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( 17 ), or 1 mg/kg atosiban ( 17 ), or saline (0.9% NaCl, used as a vehicle) 30 min before glucose loading (Six groups, n = 8). The GTT was then initiated by an intraperitoneal injection of 2 g/kg glucose, as previously described ( 18 ). Briefly, the

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Wenqi Yang Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Ling Liu Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Yuan Wei Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Chunlu Fang Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Fu Zhou Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Jinbao Chen Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Qinghua Han Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Meifang Huang Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Xuan Tan Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Qiuyue Liu Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Qiang Pan Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Lu Zhang Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Xiaojuan Lei Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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Liangming Li Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China

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and HMW adiponectin determination. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) OGTT was performed after 10 weeks of diet and exercise intervention. Following overnight fasting, mice were given a glucose load (1 mg/g) orally. Blood sample was collected

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Xiuzhen Hou Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Junfeng Zhang Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Hehong Ma Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Ming Li Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Pei Wang Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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) GTT and ITT were performed on GD 15. For GTT, mice, after 6 h fasting, received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of glucose at 2 g per kg body weight. Blood samples at 0, 30 and 60 min following glucose administration were obtained from the tail via

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Julia Modesto Vicente Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Junia Carolina Santos-Silva Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Caio Jordão Teixeira Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Dailson Nogueira de Souza Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Fabiola Sales Furtuoso Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Isabel Gouveia Adabo Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Fabio Takeo Sato Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Everardo Magalhães Carneiro Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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Silvana Bordin Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Gabriel Forato Anhê Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

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mating was 70%, and the mean success of pregnancy in the second mating was 74%. Intraperitoneal glucose (ipGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ipITT) Animals were submitted to overnight fasting and blood glucose was measured (time 0). For ipGTT, a

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Myrian Velasco Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Carlos Larqué Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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José Romo-Yáñez Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico

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Marcia Hiriart Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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BMI, that were higher in the HSD groups compared to their controls. In addition all the aforementioned parameters were different between males and females. Insulin resistance We performed an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT, Fig

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Zhandong Lei Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Yunfei Chen Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Jin Wang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Yan Zhang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Wenjuan Shi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Xuejiao Wang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Dehai Xing Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Dongxue Li Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Xiangying Jiao Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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min after administration. For the insulin tolerance test (ITT), mice were fasted for 6 h. The fasting blood glucose was measured, and then, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.075 U/mL human insulin in filter-sterilized PBS at 0.1 mL per 10

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Hong-Fa Yan College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

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Zhao-Yu Liu College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

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Zhi-Ang Guan College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

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Chuang Guo College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

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healthcare research ( 2 , 3 ). For obesity prevention, most of the interest in developing alternative strategies targeting related processes, namely glucose transport and intake, differentiation of adipogenesis, suppression of inflammation and changes in

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