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Chanyang Kim Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

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Seungjoon Park Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to ROS and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

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mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis induced by MPP + may be promising candidates for neuroprotective agents in PD. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a small peptide composed of 70 amino acids, is a well-known neurotrophic and

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Xu-Ting Song Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Jia-Nan Zhang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Duo-Wei Zhao Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Yu-Fei Zhai Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Qi Lu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Mei-Yu Qi Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China

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Ming-Hai Lu Department of Animal Science, Heilongjiang State Farms Science Technology Vocational College, Harbin, China

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Shou-Long Deng CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Hong-Bing Han Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

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Xiu-Qin Yang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Yu-Chang Yao Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology

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Introduction Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), also known as somatomedin C, has remarkable diversity in terms of biological effects. It is widely recognized that IGF1 is essential for the regulation of normal growth ( 1 ), development ( 2

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R Solomon-Zemler Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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L Basel-Vanagaite Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
Pediatric Genetics, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel

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D Steier Day Hospitalization Department, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel

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S Yakar David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA

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E Mel Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel

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M Phillip Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel

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L Bazak Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel

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D Bercovich Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel

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H Werner Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Shalom and VardaYoran Institute for Human Genome Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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L de Vries Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel

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specific (genetic or other) defect can be recognized. Growth and developmental conditions under the umbrella of congenital insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) deficiencies include: (i) growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone-receptor ( GHRH-R ) defect

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Caiyan Mo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Tao Tong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ying Guo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zheng Li Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Liyong Zhong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is due to the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) by pituitary adenomas, which stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and the long

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Alexandra Kiess Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum, Jena, Germany

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Jessica Green Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Eaton Road Liverpool, Great Britain

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Anja Willenberg Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany

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Uta Ceglarek Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany

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Ingo Dähnert Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße, Leipzig, Germany

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Wieland Kiess LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany

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Mandy Vogel LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany

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Rychik J & Goldberg D . Usefulness of insulin like growth factor 1 as a marker of heart failure in children and young adults after the Fontan palliation procedure . American Journal of Cardiology 2015 15 816 – 820 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j

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Yusaku Mori Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

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Eunhyoung Ko Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Rudolf Furrer Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Linda C Qu Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Stuart C Wiber Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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I George Fantus Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leadership Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Mario Thevis Center for Preventive Doping Research and Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Alan Medline Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Pathology, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Adria Giacca Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) are highly expressed in most breast cancers ( 19 ). In vitro studies show that glargine, which has a higher affinity for the IGF-1R than human insulin, also has a greater mitotic effect in breast cancer cell

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Monika Bilic Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Huma Qamar Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Akpevwe Onoyovwi Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Jill Korsiak Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Eszter Papp Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Abdullah Al Mahmud Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Rosanna Weksberg Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Alison D Gernand Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

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Jennifer Harrington Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Daniel E Roth Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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C Dunger D . Size at birth and cord blood levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, and the soluble IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor in term human infants. The ALSPAC Study Team

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Rossella Cannarella Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Andrea Crafa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Sandro La Vignera Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Rosita A Condorelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Aldo E Calogero Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Introduction The acromegaly levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) that occur in healthy children in pubertal age have led to the speculation that this hormone may stimulate the function of the hypothalamus–pituitary–testicular (HPT

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Rossella Cannarella Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Teresa Mattina Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Rosita A Condorelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Laura M Mongioì Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Giuseppe Pandini Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Sandro La Vignera Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Aldo E Calogero Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

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Introduction Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) gene, made up of 315,991 base pairs, maps on the 15q26.3 chromosome. It encodes for a protein with a tyrosine kinase domain, which binds the IGF1 and is responsible for its

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Julie M Silverstein Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8127, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA

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associated with acromegaly are a consequence of the chronic overproduction of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (1, 8) . Systemic complications commonly associated with the chronic hypersecretion of GH and IGF1 include visceromegaly

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