cascade had dramatic effects on insulin signalling and glucose tolerance (64) . Isolated muscles exhibited complete resistance to insulin and diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In addition, the lack of insulin signalling in double-KO muscle
Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: an update
Magdalene K Montgomery and Nigel Turner
Exercise and insulin resistance in PCOS: muscle insulin signalling and fibrosis
N K Stepto, D Hiam, M Gibson-Helm, S Cassar, C L Harrison, S K Hutchison, A E Joham, B J Canny, A Moreno-Asso, B J Strauss, N Hatzirodos, R J Rodgers, and H J Teede
anovulatory infertility) ( 5 , 6 ) and psychological (anxiety and depression) ( 7 ) impacts, representing a substantial health burden. Despite its high prevalence, the aetiology and ideal therapies for PCOS remain unclear ( 8 ). Insulin resistance is a
Limitations of insulin resistance assessment in polycystic ovary syndrome
Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Justyna Płusajska, Wojciech Horzelski, Ewa Bieniek, and Andrzej Lewiński
out. Though it is widely accepted that PCOS is characterised by insulin resistance ( 4 ), there is no consensus, either regarding the best method of assessment of insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS, nor in terms of the utility of such assessment for
Link between insulin resistance and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling
Róża Aleksandrowicz and Marek Strączkowski
muscle to insulin, defined as insulin resistance (IR), contribute to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Skeletal muscle insulin action is decreased in prediabetes and T2DM, but it also may be largely
Longitudinal associations between sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance
Kristin Ottarsdottir, Margareta Hellgren, David Bock, Anna G Nilsson, and Bledar Daka
different cohorts including men and women, respectively, suggesting a causal effect. The mechanism behind the association between SHGB and type 2 diabetes is not fully understood, but may be mediated through insulin resistance ( 5 ). In a meta
Does sex hormone-binding globulin cause insulin resistance during pubertal growth?
Shenglong Le, Leiting Xu, Moritz Schumann, Na Wu, Timo Törmäkangas, Markku Alén, Sulin Cheng, and Petri Wiklund
substantially during puberty ( 6 , 7 ). Along these lines, low serum SHBG level has been associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents ( 3 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ); therefore, it has been hypothesized that SHBG
4-Phenylbutyric acid improves free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in vivo
Sandra Pereira, Jessy Moore, Jia-Xu Li, Wen Qin Yu, Husam Ghanim, Filip Vlavcheski, Yemisi Deborah Joseph, Paresh Dandona, Allen Volchuk, Carolyn L Cummins, Evangelia Tsiani, and Adria Giacca
Introduction Obesity is characterized by elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) that cause insulin resistance in the liver and periphery ( 1 , 2 ). FFAs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which occurs when misfolded or unfolded
The association between serum testosterone and insulin resistance: a longitudinal study
Kristin Ottarsdottir, Anna G Nilsson, Margareta Hellgren, Ulf Lindblad, and Bledar Daka
( 10 ). On the other hand, low testosterone levels increase the accumulation of visceral body fat, which increases insulin resistance. This is illustrated by the fact that body fat increases in men with prostate cancer undergoing treatment resulting in
Ghrelin- and GH-induced insulin resistance: no association with retinol-binding protein-4
Esben Thyssen Vestergaard, Morten B Krag, Morten M Poulsen, Steen B Pedersen, Niels Moller, Jens Otto Lunde Jorgensen, and Niels Jessen
GHS-R is also located in peripheral tissues indicates that ghrelin also exerts direct peripheral effects (5, 6) . It has recently been reported that exogenous ghrelin causes insulin resistance (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) and induces lipolysis (7, 9, 10, 11
Altered glucose-dependent secretion of glucagon and ACTH is associated with insulin resistance, assessed by population analysis
Jan W Eriksson, Reem A Emad, Martin H Lundqvist, Niclas Abrahamsson, and Maria C Kjellsson
Introduction Development of type 2 diabetes has been perceived as a process that involves progressive insulin resistance in muscles, adipose tissue, and liver and a gradual failure of pancreatic beta cells to secrete sufficient amounts of
