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Introduction Myo-inositol (MI) is one stereoisomer of a C 6 sugar alcohol that belongs to the inositol family ( 1 ). It is the precursor of inositol triphosphate, acting as an intracellular second messenger and regulating a number of hormones
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M Victor VM . Mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological implications . Redox Biology 2017 637 – 645 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.013 ) 22 Sun L Dutta RK Xie P Kanwar YS . Myo-inositol oxygenase
Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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altered endogenous metabolites, most belonged to sphingolipids (ceramide and its glycosides, glucosylsphingosine and ganglioside) and glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, PE; phosphatidylcholine, PC; mannosyl-inositol-phosphorylceramide, MIPC
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in the liver through the translocation and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T2D rats. They also found that D-chiro-inositol played a positive role in regulating insulin-mediated glucose uptake through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T
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. IP 3 -dependent Ca 2 + mobilization from intracellular stores. The binding of agonists (hormones and neurotransmitters) to the G-protein-coupled receptors determines the PIP 2 hydrolysis and the inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) generation. IP 3 binds
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sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine, on steroidogenesis. S1P exerts its effects through five G protein coupled receptors (S1PR 1-5 ), and its stimulation of downstream inositol triphosphate and calcium signalling can stimulate steroidogenesis ( 34 ). The
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), the key regulators of UPR pathway, and found all of them were upregulated in PCOS mice compared to those in controls ( Fig. 1 ). XBP1 is the downstream
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Knowledge City, Lahore, Pakistan
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Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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58 – 62 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.06.010 ) 22 Morley LC Tang T Yasmin E Norman RJ Balen AH . Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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osmolytes (e.g. glutamine and other aminoacids, glutamate, taurine, myo-inositol, etc.) are synthetized or shifted into ICF, and the previously internalized potassium is released back to extracellular fluid (ECF). As adaption to a chronic hyperosmolar state
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) . The p.Arg85Cys variant showed modest but a significant 30% reduction in maximal MAPK activation in an Egr1-Luc assay (26) . In inositol phosphatidyl (IP) accumulation assays, the variant showed similar dose–response curves to WT PROKR2. Also, the p