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Vittorio Unfer Health Department, UniPoliSi – Institut des Etudes Universitaires, Disentis, Switzerland

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Fabio Facchinetti Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Beatrice Orrù Medical Affairs Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, Rome, Italy

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Barbara Giordani Medical Affairs Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, Rome, Italy

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John Nestler Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Introduction Myo-inositol (MI) is one stereoisomer of a C 6 sugar alcohol that belongs to the inositol family ( 1 ). It is the precursor of inositol triphosphate, acting as an intracellular second messenger and regulating a number of hormones

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Yiqiong Ma Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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Zhaowei Chen Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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Yu Tao Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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Jili Zhu Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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Hongxia Yang Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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Wei Liang Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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Guohua Ding Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

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M Victor VM . Mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological implications . Redox Biology 2017 637 – 645 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.013 ) 22 Sun L Dutta RK Xie P Kanwar YS . Myo-inositol oxygenase

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Jia Li Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yan Zhao Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Caoxin Huang Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Zheng Chen Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xiulin Shi Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Long Li Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Zhong Chen Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xuejun Li Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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altered endogenous metabolites, most belonged to sphingolipids (ceramide and its glycosides, glucosylsphingosine and ganglioside) and glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, PE; phosphatidylcholine, PC; mannosyl-inositol-phosphorylceramide, MIPC

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Lei Lei Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Yi-Hua Bai Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Hong-Ying Jiang Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Ting He Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Meng Li Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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Jia-Ping Wang Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

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in the liver through the translocation and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T2D rats. They also found that D-chiro-inositol played a positive role in regulating insulin-mediated glucose uptake through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T

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Maria Angela D'amico Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Barbara Ghinassi Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Pascal Izzicupo Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Lamberto Manzoli Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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A Di Baldassarre Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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. IP 3 -dependent Ca 2 + mobilization from intracellular stores. The binding of agonists (hormones and neurotransmitters) to the G-protein-coupled receptors determines the PIP 2 hydrolysis and the inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) generation. IP 3 binds

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Avinaash Maharaj Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Ruth Kwong Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Jack Williams Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Christopher Smith Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Helen Storr Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Ruth Krone Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Debora Braslavsky Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutiérrez’, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Clemente Paediatric Endocrinology, Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

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Nanik Ram Department of Endocrinology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

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Indraneel Banerjee Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK

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Semra Çetinkaya Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Federica Buonocore Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

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Tülay Güran Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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John C Achermann Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

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Louise Metherell Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Rathi Prasad Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine, on steroidogenesis. S1P exerts its effects through five G protein coupled receptors (S1PR 1-5 ), and its stimulation of downstream inositol triphosphate and calcium signalling can stimulate steroidogenesis ( 34 ). The

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Bo Zhu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run ShawHospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yumei Chen Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fang Xu Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xiaolu Shen Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xuanyu Chen Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Jieqiang Lv Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Songying Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run ShawHospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), the key regulators of UPR pathway, and found all of them were upregulated in PCOS mice compared to those in controls ( Fig. 1 ). XBP1 is the downstream

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Zeeshan Javed Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Knowledge City, Lahore, Pakistan

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Maria Papageorgiou Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Leigh A Madden School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK

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Alan S Rigby Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK

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Eric S Kilpatrick Department of Pathology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar

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Stephen L Atkin Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Al Sayh, Bahrain

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Thozhukat Sathyapalan Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK

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58 – 62 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.06.010 ) 22 Morley LC Tang T Yasmin E Norman RJ Balen AH . Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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Laura Potasso Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Julie Refardt Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Irina Chifu Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg Germany

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Martin Fassnacht Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg Germany
Central Laboratory, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Wiebke Kristin Fenske Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany

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Mirjam Christ-Crain Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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osmolytes (e.g. glutamine and other aminoacids, glutamate, taurine, myo-inositol, etc.) are synthetized or shifted into ICF, and the previously internalized potassium is released back to extracellular fluid (ECF). As adaption to a chronic hyperosmolar state

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Fernanda A Correa Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Ericka B Trarbach Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Cintia Tusset Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Ana Claudia Latronico Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Luciana R Montenegro Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Luciani R Carvalho Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Marcela M Franca Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Aline P Otto Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Everlayny F Costalonga Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Vinicius N Brito Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Ana Paula Abreu Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Mirian Y Nishi Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Alexander A L Jorge Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Ivo J P Arnhold Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Yisrael Sidis Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Nelly Pitteloud Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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Berenice B Mendonca Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42

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) . The p.Arg85Cys variant showed modest but a significant 30% reduction in maximal MAPK activation in an Egr1-Luc assay (26) . In inositol phosphatidyl (IP) accumulation assays, the variant showed similar dose–response curves to WT PROKR2. Also, the p

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