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Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Introduction Endocrinopathies are amongst the most frequent adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). In common with all other side effects of systemic anticancer treatment, they are currently reported according to the Common
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Treatment outcomes of metastatic melanoma significantly improved after the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). By binding to their ligands, they prevent inhibitory signals, enhance the proliferation of T
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Introduction Over the past several years, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become an effective treatment of many malignancies. Immune checkpoints are molecules on the surface of immune cells involved in the regulation
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Introduction Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI’s) has been revolutionising the management of advanced malignancies with their success in improving overall patient survival ( 1 , 2 ). CPI’s are antibodies that block T
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The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK
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by immune-mediated adverse effects particularly with combination treatment ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). Immune-mediated endocrinopathies as a consequence of treatment with checkpoint inhibitors include hypophysitis, adrenalitis, thyroiditis and diabetes
The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, UK
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Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Introduction Oncological immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are transforming oncological practice ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The first ICI, ipilimumab (Yervoy®), a CTLA-4 inhibitor, was used exclusively in metastatic malignant melanoma post
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Introduction A paradigm shift in the landscape of cancer treatment is in progress. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as new arms in the panoply of antitumor therapy. Nowadays, the interest in ICIs, such as programmed cell death
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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patients. However, as only a limited number of patients benefited from the treatment, for example combination therapies are needed to potentiate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the moment, PD-L1 expression is the best known biomarker for
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activity and better survival for cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors ( 17 ), was found in a minority of ACC neoplasms ( 18 ). Moreover, the majority of ACC patients has a hormone-secreting disease and glucocorticoids are known to exert
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checkpoint inhibitors: review and management of endocrine adverse events . Oncologist 2016 21 804 – 816 . ( https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0509 ) 4 Stelmachowska-Banas M Czajka-Oraniec I . Management of endocrine immune-related adverse