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Greeks and 2% of the refugees had 25OHD levels >30 ng/mL, whereas 19.2% of Greeks and 70.6% of refugees had severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/mL). Likewise, secondary hyperparathyroidism was more prevalent in refugees. There were no statistically
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). According to this criterion, several studies worldwide have shown high rates of hypovitaminosis D, with an estimate of 30–40%, in European, Asian, African and South American countries ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Therefore, hypovitaminosis D has been listed as a public
Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), Florence, Italy
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population in Italy, a population at greatest risk of hypovitaminosis and fracture. To understand whether BPA could impact bone metabolism, we also examined the association between BPA levels and vitamin D metabolites; 1,25(OH)D, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone
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-Pietsch B . Association of hypovitaminosis D with metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome . European Journal of Endocrinology 2009 161 575 – 582 . ( doi:10.1530/EJE-09-0432 ). 15 Ardabili HR Gargari BP Farzadi L . Vitamin D
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albumin levels. Serum iPTH (RR 1.6–6.9 pmol/L) and 25(OH)D (RR 27.1–107 nmol/L) were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay using commercially available kits (Elecsys 2010 system, Roche Diagnostic). Those having hypovitaminosis D at the time of
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, were overweight or obese, with 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years classified as overweight or obese in 2016 ( 2 ). Micronutrient deficiencies, notably hypovitaminosis D, are common in obese patients ( 3 , 4 ). Extensive
The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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Bland R . Prevalence and treatment of hypovitaminosis D in the haemodialysis population of coventry . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2016 164 214 – 217 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.009 ) 10 Jean G Vanel T
Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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-skeletal health (9, 10, 11, 12, 13) . We started measuring serum 25OHD in 1973 in clinical samples (14) . We conducted a number of clinical studies up to the early 1980s, and noted an extremely high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the elderly that was easily
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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determinants of hypovitaminosis D . Osteoporosis International 2009 20 1807 – 1820 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6 ) 34 van Schoor N Lips P . Global overview of vitamin D status . Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 2017
St Michael's Hospital, Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, Ireland
St Michael's Hospital, Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, Ireland
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/day) administered to institutionalized elderly for 16 months with severe hypovitaminosis D, we noted a dose–response of 9.1 nmol/l (3.6 ng/ml) per 100 IU per day, nearly fourfold higher than the CPG estimate (9, 10) . Using the IOM regression equation, the