Qingrong Pan
Qingrong Pan
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Shuxin Gao
Shuxin Gao
Department of General Practice, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
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Xia Gao
Xia Gao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ning Yang
Ning Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhi Yao
Zhi Yao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yanjin Hu
Yanjin Hu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li Miao
Li Miao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhe Chen
Zhe Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Guang Wang
Guang Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism, two commonly encountered clinical conditions, can induce various metabolic changes ( 1 ) and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases ( 2 , 3 ). Recent researches have
Huixing Liu
Huixing Liu
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Daoquan Peng
Daoquan Peng
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Introduction Hypothyroidism, including overt and subclinical hypothyroidism is a common disease among people. The former is defined as increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced free peripheral thyroid hormone (TH
Bogumila Urgatz
Bogumila Urgatz
Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Kris G Poppe
Kris G Poppe
University Hospital CHU Saint Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Diagnosis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy Evolution of normal thyroid function during pregnancy Circulating levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) increase from about 11 days post conception, reach a peak around the end of the
Salman Razvi
Salman Razvi
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Sanaa Mrabeti
Sanaa Mrabeti
Medical Affairs EMEA, Merck Serono Middle East FZ-LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Markus Luster
Markus Luster
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Introduction Current management guidelines for the management of hypothyroidism focus on the administration of levothyroxine (LT4), with doses titrated to bring thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) within a locally-derived reference
Chenjia Tang
Chenjia Tang
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yanting Dong
Yanting Dong
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology, Suichang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Suichang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
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Lusi Lu
Lusi Lu
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Nan Zhang
Nan Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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’s symptoms are relieved ( 8 , 11 ). The incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment is 5–27% ( 12 , 13 ), and the incidence of recurrence ranges from 1.6–20% ( 14 , 15 ). Many scholars have explored the risk factors for recurrence and hypothyroidism in
Hanneke J C M Wouters
Hanneke J C M Wouters
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Anneke C Muller Kobold
Anneke C Muller Kobold
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Thera P Links
Thera P Links
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gerwin Huls
Gerwin Huls
Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Melanie M van der Klauw
Melanie M van der Klauw
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Introduction Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. Treatment with levothyroxine has been considered the standard of care for patients with established primary hypothyroidism, and its use has been enforced in all international
Bjarke R Medici
Bjarke R Medici
Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Birte Nygaard
Birte Nygaard
Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jeppe L la Cour
Jeppe L la Cour
Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Martin Krakauer
Martin Krakauer
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Andreas Brønden
Andreas Brønden
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mette P Sonne
Mette P Sonne
Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens F Rehfeld
Jens F Rehfeld
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Jens Faber
Jens Faber
Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Filip K Knop
Filip K Knop
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Introduction Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease, affecting about 3% of the general population ( 1 ), with levothyroxine substitution therapy being the standard treatment ( 2 , 3 ). Hypothyroidism is associated with increased body
Isabel M Abreu
Isabel M Abreu
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Eva Lau
Eva Lau
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bernardo de Sousa Pinto
Bernardo de Sousa Pinto
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Davide Carvalho
Davide Carvalho
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is diagnosed biochemically when both serum-free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) are within the normal range, whereas the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated ( 1
Jakob Kirkegård
Jakob Kirkegård
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
Department of Surgery (Section for Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepatico-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Department of Surgery (Section for Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepatico-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Dora Körmendiné Farkas
Dora Körmendiné Farkas
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Deirdre P Cronin-Fenton
Deirdre P Cronin-Fenton
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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hypothyroidism are defined by an excess or deficiency of T3 and T4, respectively and can affect organ function and increase mortality ( 2 ). Thyroid hormone status affects the growth and homeostasis of gastrointestinal organs through binding to thyroid hormone
Lian Duan
Lian Duan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Han-Yu Zhang
Han-Yu Zhang
Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Min Lv
Min Lv
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Han Zhang
Han Zhang
Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Yao Chen
Yao Chen
Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Ting Wang
Ting Wang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Yan Li
Yan Li
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Yan Wu
Yan Wu
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Junfeng Li
Junfeng Li
Department of Radiology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Kefeng Li
Kefeng Li
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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hypothyroidism (HT) within 6 months after RAI. Given that patients with post-RAI HT may require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy, it is essential to identify the GD patients with a high risk of early HT before RAI. The pathophysiological mechanisms
