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New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (cHH) is a rare genetic disease that prevents pubertal development and causes infertility due to deficient secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) ( 1 ). Congenital
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Introduction Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is also known as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder is characterized by complete or partial pubertal failure, which
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Introduction Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is characterised by partial or complete lack of pubertal development, secondary to deficient gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced gonadotropin secretion ( 1 ). Diagnosis is
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Faculty of Nursing Science, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
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Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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maintaining the reproductive capacity ( 2 ). Acquired GnRH deficiency (i.e. hypothalamic amenorrhea) is a common cause of secondary amenorrhea that is reversible ( 3 ). More severe forms of GnRH deficiency, such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH
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of smell in approximately 50% of patients, referred to as normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH) ( 3 ). With recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, more than 60 causative genes for IGD with a diverse mode of
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in humans, although some controversy exists ( 1 , 2 ). Through negative feedback, testosterone is the predominant regulator of LH, whereas inhibin b is the predominant regulator of FSH ( 2 ). Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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association between TBX3 variants with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), signs of hypogonadism, including bilateral cryptorchidism, micropenis and delayed puberty, have been repeatedly reported among patients with UMS ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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deficiency (GHD) without GHRT ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ). However, spontaneous pregnancies are scarce, as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is frequently concomitant with GHD. Vila et al. report the largest international cohort of 8152 women with GHD, who received
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Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
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Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
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Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
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Introduction Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), a rare genetic condition of unknown prevalence (approximately 1/5000), can be diagnosed shortly after birth in boys who present with micropenis and/or unilateral or bilateral
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full clinical features of CHARGE syndrome. CHD7 variants have been identified in normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH), Kallmann syndrome (KS), self-limited delayed puberty, as well as CHARGE syndrome ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7