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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Introduction Hyperprolactinaemia is a common condition in endocrine practice ( 1 ). It may occur in men and women at any age, and its prevalence and incidence depend on the study population. Its epidemiology in the general population has been
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dysfunction) largely remain unattended, and medical attention is sought later, per se due to tumour growth. Also, the male reproductive axis seems more resistant to hyperprolactinaemia than the female one, contributing further to the length of the
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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(PRL) at presentation. One patient had hyperprolactinaemia (4xULN) with amenorrhoea but without PRL immunopositivity. Tumour size was 28 mm at diagnosis, suggesting that the elevated serum prolactin was due to stalk compression resulting in the
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Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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’s syndrome. She had normal periods. Visual acuity, visual fields and fundal examination were normal. Investigations revealed hyperprolactinaemia (90 ng/mL; normal range (N) 5–25 ng/mL) and secondary hypocortisolism (08:00 h cortisol 163 nmol/L; N 171–536 nmol
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Leese GP . Morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: the PROLEARS study . Endocrine Connections 2017 580 – 588 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0171 ) 28954743 13 Reuwer AQ Twickler MT Hutten BA Molema FW Wareham
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.1.29 ) 10.4158/EP.12.1.29 8 Raber W Gessl A Nowotny P Vierhapper H. Hyperprolactinaemia in hypothyroidism: clinical significance and impact of TSH normalization . Clinical Endocrinology 2003 58 185 – 191 . ( https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365
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to contribute to recurrent miscarriage including: chromosomal anomalies; anti-cardiolipin antibodies; endocrine disorders such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus; hyperprolactinaemia and thyroid diseases; and pelvic anatomic abnormalities (5
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Knowledge City, Lahore, Pakistan
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Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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deficiency, hyperprolactinaemia, Cushing’s disease and androgen-secreting tumours, pregnancy or intention to become pregnant, breastfeeding, documented use of oral hormonal contraceptives and hormone-releasing implants, metformin or other insulin
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51 370 – 376 . ( https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.51.5.370 ) 34 Schmid C Brandle M. The influences of hyperprolactinaemia and obesity on cardiovascular risk markers: effects of cabergoline therapy . Clinical Endocrinology 2006 65 827
Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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ovaries) on condition that other causes of oligo-/anovulation or hyperandrogenism/hyperandrogenaemia (hyperprolactinaemia, Cushing’s syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, premature ovarian failure, hypothalamic/pituitary disease, etc.) have been ruled