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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and malignancy are the two most common causes of hypercalcemia ( 1 ). Hypercalcemic crisis (HC) is an uncommon, but severe complication of PHPT more specifically for parathyroid cancer ( 2 ). The
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Introduction Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH) has long been described in medical literature and has posed a therapeutic conundrum. Over decades, this form of hypercalcemia has eluded conventional therapies, in that, it responds only
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result in a set of consequences related to hypervitaminosis D, with symptoms that may be related hypercalcemia, which, although rare, has been reported more frequently in recent years ( 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 ). The symptoms of vitamin D toxicity (VDT) can
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Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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) syndrome. Patients with PHPT might present with cardinal signs of hypercalcemia with significant involvement from both renal and skeletal system presenting with recurrent nephrolithiasis, fragility fractures, or both ( 2 ). Parathyroidectomy is the
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First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease characterized by excessive synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from one or more of the four parathyroid glands ( 1 ). Most patients present with hypercalcemia though
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single parathyroid adenoma and less than 1% by parathyroid adenocarcinoma ( 2 ). Traditionally, patients with PHPT typically have hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels ( 3 , 4 ). Dysregulation of PTH, the most important metabolic
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) such as bone pain, spinal cord compression, pathological fracture, and/or hypercalcemia. Thus, prompt diagnosis and intervention hold the promise of reducing the associated morbidity and sequelae of bone metastases. This is particularly relevant in a
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patients over a period of 17 years. In total, we recorded 219 ER visits, 627 hospitalizations and 12 deaths. Surprisingly, patients requiring immediate treatment of hypo-/hypercalcemia-related symptoms were the minority for presentation in the hospital
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. Sources 1 LeGrand SB Leskuski D Zama I. Narrative review: furosemide for hypercalcemia: an unproven yet common practice . Annals of Internal Medicine 2008 149 259 – 263 . ( doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00007 ) 2 Nussbaum
Regenerative Medicine Institute at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, SUHCG, GUH, Galway, Ireland
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Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, NUIG, Galway, Ireland
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Regenerative Medicine Institute at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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trimester. The proband’s father (I.1) was homozygous for the R439C pathogenic mutation but did not have hypercalcaemia, which may be due to the variable penetrance of this mutation together with external factors that mitigate the development of hypercalcemia