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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an endocrine condition that can potentially impact on an individual’s life from childhood, adolescence to young adulthood and beyond. In UK, the prevalence of congenital childhood-onset GHD (CO
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in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion ( 4 ). GH and IGF-1 thus work in concert, with IGF-1 augmenting the anabolic actions of GH while opposing the hyperglycemic and lipolytic effects of GH ( 5 ). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), which may be
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Introduction Hypothalamic–pituitary diseases and/or injury can lead to adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) ( 1 ). The decrease (or total loss) of growth hormone (GH) production, with a subsequent disruption in the hormone’s relationship
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical condition that can present in childhood or adult life. Adult-onset GHD is usually caused by a pituitary tumour and/or its treatments (surgery, radiotherapy) ( 1 ). Although the true
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Introduction Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is characterized by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) associated with a shortage of at least one other pituitary hormone ( 1 ). The etiology of CPHD is complex, including acquired
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Introduction The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence is based on auxological, biochemical, neuro-radiological, and genetic investigations. Since GH production is pulsatile, its secretion needs to be
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
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Introduction The adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) syndrome includes unfavourable levels of several well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as adverse body composition, cholesterol levels and inflammatory
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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physical chronic late effects ( 15 ) with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) being the most common endocrinopathy ( 16 ) followed by thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency ( 17 ). CR is the most significant risk factor for the development of GHD ( 18
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Introduction Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) are defined as the deficiency of two or more pituitary hormones. They can be associated with complex phenotypes such as cranial/facial midline defects and other extra-pituitary features
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height is lower than predicted height. The difference between predicted and achieved adult height depends on bone age retardation in CDGP ( 8 , 9 , 11 ). Since bone age is delayed in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) before the initiation