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Henri Honka Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Jukka Koffert Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saila Kauhanen Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Nobuyuki Kudomi Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

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Saija Hurme Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Andrea Mari Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

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Andreas Lindqvist Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Nils Wierup Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Riitta Parkkola Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Leif Groop Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Pirjo Nuutila Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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nutrients and hormones secreted from the gut and pancreas elicit a shift in hepatic glucose metabolism toward net uptake ( 3 ). However, little is known about hepatic blood flow and volume (HBV) responses to a mixed-meal after bariatric surgery. The

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Lena-Maria Levin Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), Greifswald, Germany

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Markus M Lerch Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Jens-Peter Kühn Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Institute and Policlinic for Radiology and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Matthias Nauck Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany

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Nele Friedrich Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany

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Stephanie Zylla Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany

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Introduction In industrialized countries, the prevalence and incidence of hepatic steatosis have steadily increased over the past decades ( 1 ). Besides excessive alcohol consumption, obesity and other metabolic disorders have been frequently

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Meena Asmar Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ali Asmar Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lene Simonsen Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Flemming Dela Xlab, Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Juul Holst NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Bülow Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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recruitment in response to an oral glucose load, as indicated by an increased microvascular blood volume ( 15 ). The recruitment of capillaries will expose a larger amount of the circulating triacylglycerol particles to the endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL

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Panisa Hantrakun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Rattanaporn Sekararithi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Thidarat Jaiwongkam Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Sirinart Kumfu Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Chatree Chai-adisaksopha Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Nipon Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Theera Tongsong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Phudit Jatavan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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metabolic syndrome ( 14 ). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is generally used to evaluate platelet morphology and can be used as an indicator of platelet activity ( 15 ). Increased MPV is associated with increased platelet activation and is commonly seen in

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Pernille H Hellmann Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jonatan I Bagger Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Katrine R Carlander Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Katrine B Hansen Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Julie L Forman Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Joachim Størling Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Elizaveta Chabanova Department of Radiology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Jens Holst Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Tina Vilsbøll Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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(MRS) for assessment of hepatic fat content, subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT) and experimental day #1, where they were randomised to one of the interventions mentioned above. After the intervention, the

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Xiaonan Guo Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Wenjing Hu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Xiaorui Lyu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Hanyuan Xu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Huijuan Zhu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Hui Pan Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Linjie Wang Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Hongbo Yang Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Fengying Gong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) is a significant regulator of growth and metabolism ( 1 ). In the liver, GH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) ( 2 ). The GH/IGF-1 axis can regulate hepatic glucose

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Stephen J Winters Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Charles R Scoggins Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Duke Appiah Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Dushan T Ghooray Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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.127274 ) 45 Li M Tang Y Wu L Mo F Wang X Li H Qi R Zhang H Srivastava A Ling C The hepatocyte-specific HNF4α/miR-122 pathway contributes to iron overload-mediated hepatic inflammation . Blood 2017 130 1041 – 1051 . ( https

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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progressive subtype of NAFLD that can result in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related mortality. Importantly, hepatic fibrosis is the only histologic feature of NASH independently associated with long-term overall mortality, liver

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Helle Keinicke Insulin and Device Trial Operations, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark

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Gao Sun Pharmacology and Histopathology, Novo Nordisk A/S, China

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Caroline M Junker Mentzel Department of Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Merete Fredholm Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Linu Mary John Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

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Birgitte Andersen Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

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Kirsten Raun Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

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Marina Kjaergaard Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

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may induce hepatic glucose mobilization. The potentially enhanced hepatic glucose production is, however, not associated with increased blood glucose levels as FGF21 lowers blood glucose in other studies ( 11 , 47 ). The enhanced hepatic glucose

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Jukka Koffert Department of Gastroenterology, Turunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland
Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Henri Honka Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Jarmo Teuho Department of Gastroenterology, Turunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saila Kauhanen Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saija Hurme Institute of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Riitta Parkkola Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Vesa Oikonen Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Andrea Mari Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

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Andreas Lindqvist Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Nils Wierup Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Leif Groop Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Pirjo Nuutila Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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multimodal imaging approach with positron emission tomography (PET) which enables the assessment of splanchnic BF and blood volume (BV) in an organ-specific manner in humans ( 12 ). We used PET/MRI with 15 O-water and 15 O-carbon monoxide tracers to assess

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