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Fabienne A U Fox Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany

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Lennart Koch Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT TIROL), Tirol, Austria

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Monique M B Breteler Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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N Ahmad Aziz Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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burden ( 5 ). Its onset may be as early as young adulthood ( 6 ). One of the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia is decreased handgrip strength, a reliable proxy of overall muscle function, which can be measured easily and objectively ( 4 , 5 ). Both

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Reshma Aziz Merchant Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Michael Wong Wai Kit Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Jia Yi Lim Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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John E Morley Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA

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). Participants were invited for physical assessment which consisted of height, weight, WC, timed-up-and-go (TUG) test ( 23 ), and hand grip strength (HGS). WC was measured midpoint between the last rib and iliac crest. The HGS was measured three times in each

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Jakob Høgild Langdahl Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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John Vissing Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Morten Frost Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Knud Bonnet Yderstræde Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Per Heden Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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). Muscle strength test Handgrip muscle strength test was evaluated by a JAMAR hydraulic hand dynamometer (Sammons Preston Rolyan, Bolingbrook, IL, USA), where the individual subject was given three attempts with the dominant hand and the best attempt was

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Mirjam M Oosterwerff Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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Rosa Meijnen Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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Natasja M Van Schoor Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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Dirk L Knol Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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Mark H H Kramer Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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Mireille N M Van Poppel Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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Paul Lips Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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E Marelise W Eekhoff Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section

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confounding effects of training (15) . In a trial by Wicherts et al . there were no between-group or within-group differences in the chair stand test and handgrip strength after 6 months of vitamin D supplementation in participants with a mean age of 41

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Angelica Lindén Hirschberg Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

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women with PCOS and 40 controls, those with PCOS showed greater muscle strength (bench press, leg extension and handgrip strength), irrespective of body composition ( 61 ). Serum levels of testosterone correlated positively with increased muscle strength

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Ziting Liang Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China

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Mengge Yang Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China

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Changjuan Xu Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China

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Rong Zeng Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China

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Liang Dong Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China

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. ( https://doi.org/10.3109/15412555.2013.808614 ) 38 Lazarus R Sparrow D Weiss ST . Handgrip strength and insulin levels: cross-sectional and prospective associations in the Normative Aging Study . Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 1997 46

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