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Robert Rapaport Ichan School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

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Peter A Lee Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

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Judith L Ross Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Nemours/DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA

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Paul Saenger Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA

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Vlady Ostrow Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Giuseppe Piccoli Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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developed as practical tools to estimate the response to GH therapy for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) ( 19 ), SGA ( 20 ) and ISS ( 21 ). The non-interventional American Norditropin Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program was

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0286
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 10
Open access
Urszula Smyczyńska Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland

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Joanna Smyczyńska Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland

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Maciej Hilczer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

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Renata Stawerska Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland

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Ryszard Tadeusiewicz Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland

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Andrzej Lewiński Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) therapy is widely approved in children with short stature caused by GH deficiency (GHD). It has also been documented that GH therapy may be beneficial in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS); however

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0277
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Open access
Nathalie Ly Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Sophie Dubreuil Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Philippe Touraine Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.026 ) 16 Wirén L Boguszewski CL Johannsson G . Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH-deficient women during pregnancy . Clinical Endocrinology 2002 57 235 – 239 . ( https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0241
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Patrizia Bruzzi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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Silvia Vannelli Pediatric Endocrinologic Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Emanuela Scarano Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Natascia Di Iorgi Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Maria Parpagnoli Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy

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MariaCarolina Salerno Department of Translational Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Marco Pitea Pediatric Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

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Maria Elisabeth Street Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Paediatrics, Department of Mother and Child-AUSL of Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Andrea Secco Pediatric Unit, Azienda ospedaliero Nazionale SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy

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Adolfo Andrea Trettene Pediatric Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy

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Malgorzata Wasniewska Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Nicola Corciulo Pediatric Unit, P.O. Gallipoli, ASL Lecce, Italy

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Gianluca Tornese Institute for maternal and child health IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy

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Maria Felicia Faienza DAI Scienze Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy

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Maurizio Delvecchio U.O. Malattie Metaboliche e Genetiche e Diabetologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy

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Simona Filomena Madeo Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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Lorenzo Iughetti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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affecting the SHOX-coding region ( 8 ). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy is already approved for use in patients with SHOX-D in the USA, Europe and other countries ( 9 ), and it seems to have a growth-promoting activity similar to patients

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0402
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
Open access
María Dolores Rodríguez Arnao Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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Amparo Rodríguez Sánchez Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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Ignacio Díez López Hospital Universitario Araba, Araba/Alava, Spain

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Joaquín Ramírez Fernández Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

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Jose Antonio Bermúdez de la Vega Centro Nuevas Tecnologias, Sevilla, Spain

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Diego Yeste Fernández Hospital Vall d’Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain

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María Chueca Guindulain Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

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Raquel Corripio Collado Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain

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Jacobo Pérez Sánchez Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain

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Ana Fernández González Merck S.L.U., Madrid, Spain

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ECOS Spain Study Collaborative Investigator Group
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pathologies) and in sensitivity to the hormone ( 4 ). Treatment with r-hGH has been shown to be effective in children and adolescents with GHD, increasing short-term growth and adult height ( 5 , 6 ). GH therapy requires daily subcutaneous injections for long

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0325
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 9
Open access
Charlotte Höybye Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Andreas F H Pfeiffer Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Klinik für Endokrinologie & Stoffwechselmedizin, Berlin, Germany

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Diego Ferone IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova – Endocrinologia DiMI, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, & CEBR, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Genova, Italy

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Jens Sandahl Christiansen Medicinsk Endokrinologist Afd., MEA, NBG, Århus Sygehus, Århus, Denmark

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David Gilfoyle Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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Eva Dam Christoffersen Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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Eva Mortensen Ascendis Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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Jonathan A Leff Ascendis Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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Michael Beckert Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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and 70 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 19.0–36.0 kg/m 2 ) diagnosed with AGHD (defined according to the Growth Hormone Research Society Consensus Guidelines of 1998 and 2007) ( 1 , 12 ) who were stable on GH replacement therapy for at least 3

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Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0007
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 3
Open access
Werner F Blum University Children’s Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Abdullah Alherbish Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Afaf Alsagheir King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Ahmed El Awwa Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hamad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar

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Walid Kaplan Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE

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Ekaterina Koledova Global Medical Affairs Endocrinology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

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Martin O Savage William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK

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Introduction The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis is the principle endocrine system regulating linear growth in children ( 1 ). Linked to the nutritional status of the individual, GH is a potent stimulator of IGF

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0099
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Open access
Sherwin Criseno Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew A Toogood Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Neil Gittoes Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Anne Topping School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Niki Karavitaki Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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2006 155 61 – 71 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02191 ) 3 Johannsson G & Ragnarsson O . Growth hormone deficiency in adults with hypopituitarism are – what are the risks and can they be eliminated by therapy? Journal of Internal Medicine

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Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0533
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 5
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Chan Sub Park Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea

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Jihye Choi Department of General Surgery, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Min-Ki Seong Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sung-Eun Hong Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae-Sung Kim Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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In-Chul Park Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyesil Seol Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Woo Chul Noh Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyun-Ah Kim Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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has a beneficial effect on reducing cerebrovascular events in healthy postmenopausal women. However, concerning the breast cancer, the excess exposure to the high level of estradiol such as has long-term hormone replacement therapy, early menarche

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0101
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 7
Open access
M Ahmid Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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C G Perry Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK

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S F Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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M G Shaikh Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Dunger DB Cheetham TD Savage MO Monson JP. The effect of cessation of growth hormone (GH) therapy on bone mineral accretion in GH-deficient adolescents at the completion of linear growth . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Open access