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M Ahmid Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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C G Perry Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK

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S F Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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M G Shaikh Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an endocrine condition that can potentially impact on an individual’s life from childhood, adolescence to young adulthood and beyond. In UK, the prevalence of congenital childhood-onset GHD (CO

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Open access
Kennett Sprogøe Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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Eva Mortensen Ascendis Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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David B Karpf Ascendis Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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Jonathan A Leff Ascendis Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion ( 4 ). GH and IGF-1 thus work in concert, with IGF-1 augmenting the anabolic actions of GH while opposing the hyperglycemic and lipolytic effects of GH ( 5 ). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), which may be

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0203
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Charlotte Höybye Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Andreas F H Pfeiffer Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Klinik für Endokrinologie & Stoffwechselmedizin, Berlin, Germany

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Diego Ferone IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova – Endocrinologia DiMI, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, & CEBR, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Genova, Italy

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Jens Sandahl Christiansen Medicinsk Endokrinologist Afd., MEA, NBG, Århus Sygehus, Århus, Denmark

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David Gilfoyle Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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Eva Dam Christoffersen Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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Eva Mortensen Ascendis Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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Jonathan A Leff Ascendis Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA

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Michael Beckert Ascendis Pharma A/S, Hellerup, Denmark

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Introduction Hypothalamic–pituitary diseases and/or injury can lead to adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) ( 1 ). The decrease (or total loss) of growth hormone (GH) production, with a subsequent disruption in the hormone’s relationship

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0007
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 3
Open access
Sherwin Criseno Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew A Toogood Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Neil Gittoes Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Anne Topping School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Niki Karavitaki Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical condition that can present in childhood or adult life. Adult-onset GHD is usually caused by a pituitary tumour and/or its treatments (surgery, radiotherapy) ( 1 ). Although the true

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0533
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 5
Open access
Anastasia Ibba SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Francesca Corrias SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Chiara Guzzetti SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Letizia Casula SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Mariacarolina Salerno Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy

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Natascia di Iorgi Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

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Gianluca Tornese SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS Materno-infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy

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Giuseppa Patti Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

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Giorgio Radetti Dipartimento di Pediatria, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Bolzano, Italy

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Mohamad Maghnie Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

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Marco Cappa UOC di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento Universitario Ospedaliero, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy

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Sandro Loche SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Introduction The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence is based on auxological, biochemical, neuro-radiological, and genetic investigations. Since GH production is pulsatile, its secretion needs to be

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology Collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0347
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 11
Open access
Mette Marie Baunsgaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Anne Sophie Lind Helligsoe Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Louise Tram Henriksen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Torben Stamm Mikkelsen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Michael Callesen Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen, Denmark

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Britta Weber The Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Henrik Hasle Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Niels Birkebæk Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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physical chronic late effects ( 15 ) with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) being the most common endocrinopathy ( 16 ) followed by thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency ( 17 ). CR is the most significant risk factor for the development of GHD ( 18

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0365
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 2
Open access
Charlotte Höybye Patient Area Endocrinology and Nephrology, Infection and Inflammation Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Laia Faseh Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Christos Himonakos Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Medicine, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden

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Tomasz Pielak NUTOPI Sp. z o. o., Poznan, Poland

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Jesper Eugen-Olsen Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark

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Introduction The adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) syndrome includes unfavourable levels of several well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as adverse body composition, cholesterol levels and inflammatory

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0159
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Open access
Thomas Reinehr Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Children’s Hospital, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Martin Carlsson Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA

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Dionisios Chrysis Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA

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height is lower than predicted height. The difference between predicted and achieved adult height depends on bone age retardation in CDGP ( 8 , 9 , 11 ). Since bone age is delayed in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) before the initiation

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology Collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access
Kevin C J Yuen Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States

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Gudmundur Johannsson Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ken K Y Ho The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

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Bradley S Miller Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, M Health Fairview Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

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Ignacio Bergada Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alan D Rogol Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States

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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can present either as isolated GHD or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in children and adults. Childhood-onset GHD (CO-GHD) is often idiopathic

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0504
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
Open access
Patrizia Bruzzi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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Silvia Vannelli Pediatric Endocrinologic Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Emanuela Scarano Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Natascia Di Iorgi Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Maria Parpagnoli Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy

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MariaCarolina Salerno Department of Translational Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Marco Pitea Pediatric Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

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Maria Elisabeth Street Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Paediatrics, Department of Mother and Child-AUSL of Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Andrea Secco Pediatric Unit, Azienda ospedaliero Nazionale SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy

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Adolfo Andrea Trettene Pediatric Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy

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Malgorzata Wasniewska Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Nicola Corciulo Pediatric Unit, P.O. Gallipoli, ASL Lecce, Italy

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Gianluca Tornese Institute for maternal and child health IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy

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Maria Felicia Faienza DAI Scienze Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy

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Maurizio Delvecchio U.O. Malattie Metaboliche e Genetiche e Diabetologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy

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Simona Filomena Madeo Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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Lorenzo Iughetti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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response to growth hormone treatment to final height are similar in patients with SHOX deficiency and Turner syndrome . Hormone Research 2009 71 167 – 172 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000197874 ) 13 Benabbad I Rosilio M Child CJ Carel JC Ross JL

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0402
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
Open access