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Chan Sub Park Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea

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Jihye Choi Department of General Surgery, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Min-Ki Seong Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sung-Eun Hong Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae-Sung Kim Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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In-Chul Park Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyesil Seol Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Woo Chul Noh Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyun-Ah Kim Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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in patients with pS6K1-positive than -negative tumors. Estrogen depletion therapy was developed for treating HR-positive breast cancer in recent decades. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are specific estradiol depletion therapy for

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Luminita Nicoleta Cima Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Anca Colita Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Hematology Department, Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Simona Fica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Endocrine Department, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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review from reliable electronic databases conducted between October 2016 and April 2017 using the following key words related to the topic: ‘gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues’, ‘GnRHa’, ‘luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist’, ‘LHRHa

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Rajae Talbi Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Victor M Navarro Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Within the HPG axis, reproductive function is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons located in the hypothalamus, which control the production and release of gonadotropins from the pituitary to regulate gonadal function

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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are released from the gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In men, the main target cells for LH are Leydig cells with subsequent

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Eleftherios E Deiktakis Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Eleftheria Ieronymaki Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Peter Zarén Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Agnes Hagsund Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Elin Wirestrand Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Johan Malm Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Christos Tsatsanis Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Ilpo T Huhtaniemi Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UK

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Aleksander Giwercman Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Malmö University Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Malmö, Sweden

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Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction For decades, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have formed the mainstay hormonal treatment of prostate cancer ( 1 ). While they generate suppression of testosterone due to persistent suppression of luteinizing hormone

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Rui-yi Tang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Rong Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Miao Ma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Shou-qing Lin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Yi-wen Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-ping Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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seeking to conceive, 1 patient unsuccessfully underwent pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment. Ten patients underwent ovulation induction with gonadotropin, including 4 women who became pregnant and 2 women who failed and gave up

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Catarina I Gonçalves CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

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José M Aragüés Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal

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Margarida Bastos Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Luísa Barros Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Nuno Vicente Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital de São João e Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Manuel C Lemos CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

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Introduction Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is characterised by partial or complete lack of pubertal development, secondary to deficient gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced gonadotropin secretion ( 1 ). Diagnosis is

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M I Stamou Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Regional Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

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P Varnavas Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Regional Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece

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L Plummer Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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V Koika Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Regional Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece

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N A Georgopoulos Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Regional Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece

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Introduction Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is a rare disease with a wide spectrum of reproductive and non-reproductive clinical characteristics. Apart from the phenotypic heterogeneity, IGD is also a

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Lian Hollander-Cohen Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Benjamin Böhm Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Krist Hausken Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Berta Levavi-Sivan Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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brain culminate in a signal to the pituitary gland to release the gonadotropins (GTHs). The pituitary GTHs include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and together are responsible for gametogenesis, steroidogenesis, protein

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Gareth Leng Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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– 141 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.015 ) 52 Melamed P Haj M Yosefzon Y Rudnizky S Wijeweera A Pnueli L Kaplan A . Multifaceted targeting of the chromatin mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone effects on gene expression in the

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