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Kim K B Clemmensen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Jonas S Quist Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Dorte Vistisen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Daniel R Witte Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark

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Anna Jonsson NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Oluf Pedersen NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Hansen NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens J Holst NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torsten Lauritzen Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Marit E Jørgensen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Signe Torekov NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kristine Færch Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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shown as means ( s.d. ) or median (quartile 1, quartile 3). CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; i-IFG, isolated IFG; IGT, impaired glucose

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David S Mathiesen Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Jonatan I Bagger Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Katrine B Hansen Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders E Junker Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Astrid Plamboeck Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Signe Harring Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark

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Thomas Idorn Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mads Hornum Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens J Holst Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anna E Jonsson Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Hansen Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Tina Vilsbøll Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Asger Lund Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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effect is mediated by the two gut hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) ( 6 ). These hormones are secreted from enteroendocrine K and L cells, situated in the intestinal mucosa, in response to

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Meena Asmar Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ali Asmar Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lene Simonsen Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Flemming Dela Xlab, Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Juul Holst NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Bülow Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08932.x ) 1973329 7 Asmar M Simonsen L Madsbad S Stallknecht B Holst JJ Bulow J . Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide may enhance fatty acid re-esterification in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in lean

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Henri Honka Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Jukka Koffert Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saila Kauhanen Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Nobuyuki Kudomi Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

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Saija Hurme Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Andrea Mari Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

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Andreas Lindqvist Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Nils Wierup Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Riitta Parkkola Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Leif Groop Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Pirjo Nuutila Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) account for the gut-derived amplification of insulin secretion ( 4 ). In addition to the effect on pancreatic islets, we ( 5 ) and others ( 6 ) have

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Amalie R Lanng Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Lærke S Gasbjerg Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Natasha C Bergmann Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Sigrid Bergmann Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Mads M Helsted Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Matthew P Gillum Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bolette Hartmann Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens J Holst Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Tina Vilsbøll Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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). Likewise, the effect of alcohol on the secretion of the gut-derived insulinotropic incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) remains unclear ( 6 , 11 , 12 ). Recently, alcohol was shown to

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Sakina H Bharmal School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Wandia Kimita School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Juyeon Ko School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Maxim S Petrov School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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centrifuged at 4000 g for5.5 min at 4°C, plasma separated, aliquoted, and stored at −80°C for future analyses.Amylin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and

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David P Sonne Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Asger Lund Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Jens J Holst Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Tina Vilsbøll Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark

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i) whether i.v. glucose per se could affect thyroid function parameters and ii) whether any changes could be elicited by infusion of the gastrointestinal hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1

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Lizhi Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Endocrinology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jinwei He Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Xiang Sun Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China

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Dongyue Pang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jingjing Hu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Bo Feng Department of Endocrinology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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A Boni S Flatt PR Irwin N Chappard D . Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) dose-dependently reduces osteoclast differentiation and resorption . Bone 2016 91 102 – 112 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.014 ) 11

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L Ahlkvist
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K Brown Department of Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Biomedical Center, C11, Lund University, SE 22184 Lund, Sweden

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B Ahrén
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of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide from primary murine K cells . Diabetologia 2009 52 289 – 298 . ( doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1202-x ). 39 Christensen M Vedtofte L Holst JJ Vilsboll T Knop FK . Glucose-dependent

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Kim K B Clemmensen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Jonas S Quist Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Dorte Vistisen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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Daniel R Witte Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark

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Anna Jonsson NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Oluf Pedersen NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Hansen NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens J Holst NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torsten Lauritzen Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Marit E Jørgensen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Signe Torekov NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kristine Færch Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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.026 Estimates are per 1 h increase in fasting duration. Linear regression models. GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; rAUC 0–30 , relative early response; rAUC 0–120 , relative total response.

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