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Introduction High-dose glucocorticoids are indispensable in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ( 1 ). Two different highly potent synthetic glucocorticoids are used in the current standard protocols, namely
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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critical illness including septic shock, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and acute respiratory distress syndrome ( 7 , 8 ). In the management of hypoxic COVID-19, dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, plays a crucial role in reducing mortality ( 9
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are primary stress hormones and critical regulators of several physiological mechanisms. GCs commonly elicit their function through glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated genomic effects. However, these
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Introduction Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have premature morbidity and mortality ( 1 ). Mildly elevated levels of glucocorticoids or non-circadian timing of therapy may contribute towards cardiovascular disease and increased
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Introduction Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare disease consisting of the inability of the adrenal cortex to produce adequate levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), with or without concomitant inadequate production of mineralocorticoids
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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AI and long-term glucocorticoid substitution therapy or glucocorticoid excess in Cushing’s syndrome (CS), are regularly prone to infections, especially those of the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract, due to impaired immune cell function ( 17
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Introduction Oral glucocorticoid (GC) treatment can lead to adrenal insufficiency by suppressing the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This can result in life-threatening adrenal crisis if the patient does not receive an increased GC dose
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Introduction Recently, we have found that during critical illness, the well-known constellation of ‘low plasma ACTH in the face of increased systemic glucocorticoid availability’ coincides with a substantial increase in plasma concentrations
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profiles in adult patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency have shown a substantial circadian rhythm highly influenced by glucocorticoid replacement ( 6 ). Most recent clinical guideline from the US Endocrine Society suggests levels of androstenedione and 17
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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insufficient to meet the body’s needs. Overt mineralocorticoid deficiency causes the characteristic presentation of salt craving, postural hypotension, hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia. Glucocorticoid deficiency causes loss of appetite, early satiety, weight