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Xiuzhen Hou Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Junfeng Zhang Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Hehong Ma Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Ming Li Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Pei Wang Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is primarily resulted from insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during pregnancy, affecting 7% of pregnant women globally ( 1 , 2 ). GDM causes higher risks of diabetes, obesity and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0555
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Zhiwei Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China

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Hui Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China

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Aixia Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) manifests as various degrees of hyperglycemia during pregnancy. GDM has a high incidence rate and is by far one of the leading causes of neonatal and maternal mortality ( 1 ). The etiology of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0466
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Vânia Benido Silva Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Liliana Fonseca Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Maria Teresa Pereira Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Joana Vilaverde Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Clara Pinto Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Fernando Pichel Department of Nutrition, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Maria do Céu Almeida In representation of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group of the Portuguese Society of Diabetology, Lisbon, Portugal

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Jorge Dores Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is defined as a subtype of hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy and accounts for 90% of all diabetes diagnoses in pregnant women ( 1 , 2 ). This represents a worrying gestational

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0540
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 5
Open access
Huguette S Brink Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Aart Jan van der Lely Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joke van der Linden Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Gestational diabetes (GD) is defined as any glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GD has a prevalence of 7% worldwide, depending on the population studied and diagnostic criteria used ( 1 ). The

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0033
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 5
Open access
Sanna Mustaniemi Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Marja Vääräsmäki Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Johan G Eriksson Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland

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Mika Gissler Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Hannele Laivuori Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Hilkka Ijäs Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Aini Bloigu PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Eero Kajantie Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Laure Morin-Papunen PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of GDM varies from 9% to 25% and the prevalence of PCOS varies from 5

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Angela Köninger Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Antonella Iannaccone Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Ensar Hajder Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Mirjam Frank Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Boerge Schmidt Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Ekkehard Schleussner Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

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Rainer Kimmig Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Alexandra Gellhaus Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Hans Dieplinger Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

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pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( 11 , 12 ). IR, as determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) ( 13 ), when present before the beginning of a pregnancy seems to be the strongest factor associated with the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0064
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Alice S Ryan VA Maryland Health Care System, Division of Endocrinology, Research Service, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10 North Greene Street GRECC (BT/18/GR), Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA

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John C McLenithan VA Maryland Health Care System, Division of Endocrinology, Research Service, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10 North Greene Street GRECC (BT/18/GR), Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA

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Gretchen M Zietowski VA Maryland Health Care System, Division of Endocrinology, Research Service, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10 North Greene Street GRECC (BT/18/GR), Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA

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Introduction Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within 5 years following pregnancy (1, 2) with the reported incidence of T2DM ranging from

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-12-0072
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 2
Open access
Yusen Liu Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Ruiwen Chi Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Yujie Jiang School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Bicheng Chen Department of Cooperation and Communication, The First Clinical Medical College & The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Youli Chen Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Zengrui Chen Intensive Care Unit, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, China

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most common medical disorder in pregnancy, is defined as glucose intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed during pregnancy ( 1 ). GDM is associated with

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0234
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 11
Open access
Jing Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China
Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Leishen Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Huikun Liu Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Shuang Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Junhong Leng Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Weiqin Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Tao Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Nan Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Wei Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Andrea A Baccarelli Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA

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Lifang Hou Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Gang Hu Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Introduction The worldwide rise in over-nutrition, sedentary life and obesity has resulted in a steep increase in the number of women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy ( 1 ). Nearly 7% of pregnancies in the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0449
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Ling-Jun Li Division of O&G, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

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Izzuddin M Aris Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore

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Lin Lin Su Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Yap Seng Chong Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Tien Yin Wong O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

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Kok Hian Tan Division of O&G, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

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Jie Jin Wang O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are two of the most commonly seen pregnancy complications that adversely affect both short-term and long-term maternal and fetal outcomes ( 1 , 2

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0359
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Open access