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Göran Oleröd Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lillemor Mattsson Hultén Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ola Hammarsten Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Eva Klingberg Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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situations of deficiency and also protect against vitamin D intoxication ( 7 ). The concentration of free 25(OH)D can either be calculated using a formula, which includes the concentrations of DBP and albumin as described herein, or it can be directly

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0078
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Open access
Shatha Alharazy Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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M Denise Robertson Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Susan Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Muhammad Imran Naseer Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Adeel G Chaudhary Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Eman Alissa Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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measuring free vitamin D might be more precise in evaluating vitamin D status in populations with more than one ethnic group ( 19 , 24 ). For instance, it has been found that despite the lower total 25(OH)D levels in Black Americans in comparison with White

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0445
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 12
Open access
Johanna Öberg Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Rolf Jorde Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Yngve Figenschau Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Sandra Rinne Dahl Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Anne Winther Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Guri Grimnes Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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accounted for in existing guidelines ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). In contrary to 25(OH)D (free and protein bound), free 25(OH)D has not differed according to HC use in the adult population ( 3 , 10 ). It has been raised concern that the vitamin D status in HC

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Bone and Mineral Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0395
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Barbara J Boucher The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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A narrative review of vitamin D deficiency in South Asians in the UK Long-standing racial inequalities in the UK are common and recognised as reducing both access to health care and the quality of health, a recent report describing them as

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Bone and Mineral Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0234
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
June Young Choi Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea

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Jin Wook Yi Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jun Hyup Lee Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Ra-Yeong Song Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Hyeongwon Yu Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea

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Hyungju Kwon Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Young Jun Chai Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Su-jin Kim Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Kyu Eun Lee Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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factors in PTC, aggressive subtype, advanced T and AJCC stage, lateral neck node metastasis and worse recurrence-free survival. One possible explanation for these results is impaired expression of vitamin D receptor on the cell membrane: VDR mRNA may

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0001
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 3
Open access
K Amrein Thyroid Endocrinology Osteoporosis Institute Dobnig, Graz, Austria
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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A Papinutti Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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E Mathew Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Department of General Surgery, St. Elisabeth’s Hospital, Graz, Austria

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G Vila Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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D Parekh Clinician Scientist in Critical Care, Birmingham, Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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, renal wasting of vitamin D, decreased renal conversion to 1,25(OH)D3 and increased tissue conversion of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)D3 ( 11 , 24 , 25 , 26 ). The role of free/bioavailable vitamin D remains unclear although it is possible that although vitamin

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0184
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Niek F Dirks Atalmedial Diagnostics Centre, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Noordwest Ziekenhuis, Alkmaar, The Netherlands

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Etienne Cavalier Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium

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Annemieke C Heijboer Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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VDBP) or free 25(OH)D (not bound to VDBP or albumin) may be a more relevant biomarker of vitamin D status, especially in those with a different genotype of VDBP ( 22 ). However, a number of studies have since determined this not to be the case and

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Bone and Mineral Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0269
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Barbara J Boucher Blizard Institute, Barts & The London school of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Associations of vitamin D status with health outcomes Cross-sectionally, vitamin D cures/prevents rickets but populations remain deficient ( 1 , 2 ) as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D), which is inversely

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0274
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 9
Open access
Jane Fletcher Nutrition Nurses, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

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Emma L Bishop Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Stephanie R Harrison Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Amelia Swift School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

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Sheldon C Cooper Gastroenterology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

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Sarah K Dimeloe Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Karim Raza Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Martin Hewison Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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,24,25-trihydroxvitamin D (1,24,25D) from 25D by 24-OHase; synthesis of calcitroic acid from 1,24,25D by 24-OHase. 25D (and other vitamin D metabolites) can circulate bound to vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) or unbound (free 25D). Other prominent forms of 25D found in the

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Bone and Mineral Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0554
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Stefan Pilz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Armin Zittermann Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany

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Christian Trummer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Verena Theiler-Schwetz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Elisabeth Lerchbaum Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin H Keppel University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

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Martin R Grübler Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Winfried März Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Synlab Medical Center of Human Genetics Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

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Marlene Pandis Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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only a small fraction (less than 1%) circulating in its unbound (free) form ( 34 ). Although some tissues can take up DBP-bound vitamin D metabolites by the megalin–cubilin system, most cells seem to be dependent on free vitamin D metabolites that

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0432
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access