Ya-Fen Hu
Ya-Fen Hu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Ya-Fen Hu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Ya-Fen Hu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lin Hua
Lin Hua
Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Lin Hua in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lin Hua in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Xiu Tuo
Xiu Tuo
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Xiu Tuo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiu Tuo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ting-Ting Shi
Ting-Ting Shi
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Ting-Ting Shi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ting-Ting Shi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Yi-Lin Yang
Yi-Lin Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Yi-Lin Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yi-Lin Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Yun-Fu Liu
Yun-Fu Liu
Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Yun-Fu Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yun-Fu Liu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Zhong-Yu Yan
Zhong-Yu Yan
Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Zhong-Yu Yan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zhong-Yu Yan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Zhong Xin
Zhong Xin
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Search for other papers by Zhong Xin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zhong Xin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
findings provided in-depth insights into this disease. GO has various clinical manifestations that might result in severe damage to orbital architecture and vision. The enlargement of orbital fat and extraocular muscles (ocular muscles, OM) is the
Yue-Yue Wang
Yue-Yue Wang
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Yue-Yue Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yue-Yue Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Qian Wu
Qian Wu
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Qian Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qian Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lu Chen
Lu Chen
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Lu Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lu Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Wen Chen
Wen Chen
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Wen Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wen Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tao Yang
Tao Yang
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Tao Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tao Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Xiao-Quan Xu
Xiao-Quan Xu
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Xiao-Quan Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiao-Quan Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Fei-Yun Wu
Fei-Yun Wu
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Fei-Yun Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Fei-Yun Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hao Hu
Hao Hu
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Hao Hu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hao Hu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Huan-Huan Chen
Huan-Huan Chen
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Huan-Huan Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Huan-Huan Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
of objectively and overall revealing changes within the whole orbit, MRI has been increasingly used in the assessment of TAO ( 7 , 8 ). Previous studies have reported that thickness and volume of extraocular muscles (EOMs) and signal intensity ratio
Xiaowen Zhang
Xiaowen Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Xiaowen Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiaowen Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Chen Han
Chen Han
Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Chen Han in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Chen Han in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hongwei Wang
Hongwei Wang
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Hongwei Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hongwei Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Xinghong Sun
Xinghong Sun
Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Xinghong Sun in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xinghong Sun in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Xin Dou
Xin Dou
Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Xin Dou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xin Dou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Xueying He
Xueying He
Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Xueying He in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xueying He in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Di Wu
Di Wu
Department of Radiology, Southeast University Medical School Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Di Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Di Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Shanmei Shen
Shanmei Shen
Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Shanmei Shen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Shanmei Shen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Dalong Zhu
Dalong Zhu
Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Dalong Zhu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Dalong Zhu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Xinlin Zhang
Xinlin Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Xinlin Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xinlin Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Yan Bi
Yan Bi
Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Search for other papers by Yan Bi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yan Bi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
based on clinical evaluation of the anterior visible part of the orbit but might ignore the acute inflammatory involvement of deep orbital structures, such as extraocular muscle (EOM) ( 4 ). Meanwhile, an identical weight is given to different clinical
Jakub Supronik
Jakub Supronik
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Jakub Supronik in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jakub Supronik in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Małgorzata Szelachowska
Małgorzata Szelachowska
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Małgorzata Szelachowska in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Małgorzata Szelachowska in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Adam Kretowski
Adam Kretowski
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Adam Kretowski in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Adam Kretowski in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Katarzyna Siewko
Katarzyna Siewko
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Katarzyna Siewko in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Katarzyna Siewko in
Google Scholar
PubMed
T Kimura H Ashizawa K Kiriyama T Uetani M Nagataki S . Untreated Graves’ disease patients without clinical ophthalmopathy demonstrate a high frequency of extraocular muscle (EOM) enlargement by magnetic resonance . Journal of Clinical
Bushra Shahida
Bushra Shahida
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Bushra Shahida in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Bushra Shahida in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tereza Planck
Tereza Planck
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Tereza Planck in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Tereza Planck in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tania Singh
Tania Singh
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Tania Singh in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tania Singh in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Peter Åsman
Peter Åsman
Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Peter Åsman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Peter Åsman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Mikael Lantz
Mikael Lantz
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Mikael Lantz in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for other papers by Mikael Lantz in
Google Scholar
PubMed
TSHR induces cross-talk with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) ( 10 ), which results in elevated levels of hyaluronic acid, leading to the disruption of the extraocular muscles ( 11 ). T cells bind to CD40 on orbital fibroblasts and induce
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
Search for other papers by Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
Search for other papers by Izabella Czajka-Oraniec in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Izabella Czajka-Oraniec in
Google Scholar
PubMed
condition resembling such ( 2 , 50 , 77 , 79 , 80 , 81 ). Signs and symptoms typical of Graves’ and ICI-induced ophthalmopathy include proptosis, eye pain, conjunctival redness, periorbital edema, ophthalmoplegia, and swelling of extraocular muscles on
