treatment with exenatide resulted in reductions in serum ICAM-1, p-selectin and e-selectin, although no pronounced changes were seen in endothelial function ( 25 ). Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor used in the treatment
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(diabetes duration > 1 year; HbA1c 6.5–9.0% (48–75 mmol/mol) treated with metformin were randomized to empagliflozin 25 mg and placebo once-daily in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design. Patients were recruited through
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). Experimental protocol Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, was orally administered at a dose of 10 mg/day for 1 week. Metabolic and anthropometric data were collected before and 1 week after the initiation of empagliflozin. Metabolic parameters included plasma
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sotagliflozin, while kidney function declined in the placebo group (sotagliflozin 0.09 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year vs placebo −1.31 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year) ( 14 ). Finally, the EMPA-KIDNEY trial ( 12 ) assessed the effect of empagliflozin compared with placebo in
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reduced hyperfiltration and improved proteinuria, might also have a role. Promising results were found with the SGLT2-inhibitors early in the cardiovascular safety studies, for example, with empagliflozin (EMPA-REG), canagliflozin (CANVAS) and
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limited due to an increased risk of euglycaemic ketoacidosis ( 77 ). In outpatient crossover RCTs utilising the iPancreas AID system, 25 mg empagliflozin daily with HCL led to an increase in time in range compared to HCL alone ( 78 ), and 25 mg
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Ann-Kristin Picke, Graeme Campbell, Nicola Napoli, Lorenz C Hofbauer, and Martina Rauner
2, the key transporter mediating glucose reabsorption by the kidney), thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion ( 164 , 165 ). The first three SGLT2 inhibitors released in the market, namely canagliflozin, empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, have
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-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, in a patient with Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome . Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2021 94 313 – 316 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000519613 ) 27 Nagashima S Wakabayashi T Saito N Takahashi M Okada K Ebihara K
Diabetes control is associated with environmental quality in the USA
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D Bluhmki E Hantel S Mattheus M Devins T Johansen OE Woerle HJ et al . Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes . New England Journal of Medicine 2015 373 2117 – 2128 . ( https://doi.org/10
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difficult to control (HbA1c: 9.2%) on multiple therapies (dulaglutide, metformin, empagliflozin and gliclazide); she had ongoing problems with obesity (bariatric surgery was planned) and a diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was established
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