Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden
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Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
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Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes ( 1 , 2 ) and is a major cause of blindness ( 3 , 4 ). DR progresses over time, but fortunately only a limited number of patients acquire one of the two major
Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Department of Ophthalmology, Pingxiang People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
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Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
Center on Clinical Research, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Introduction It has been reported that about 415 million people worldwide have been affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2015, and the number will reach 642 million by 2040 ( 1 ). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has emerged as the most common
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Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a typical microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in adult patients aged 20–74 years old in developed countries ( 1 ). In the US, about 4.2 million DM
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Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative complication of diabetes ( 1 ) consistently associated with other diabetic complications and with an overall worse prognosis ( 2 ). Hyperglycaemia triggers the activation of
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Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Introduction As the primary cause of preventable vision loss in working-aged people, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become one of the major public health issues worldwide ( 1 , 2 ). From 1990 to 2015, the crude prevalence of DR-caused visual
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Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally, and diabetic complications affect millions of people worldwide ( 1 , 2 ). Diabetic eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular
The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Actions of SGK1 Functional outcomes Diabetic retinopathy Facilitate the accumulation of sorbitol Retinal microvascular lesions Enhance the expression of EDB + FN Dysregulated angiogenesis Hinder the clearance of glutamate
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are the conventionally used predictors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). ( 2 , 3 ) Previous studies have shown that almost all T1DM patients are likely to develop some degree of DN within 20 years of diagnosis. ( 4 , 5 ) In
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Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
PhD Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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, 12 , 13 ). Evidence indicates that acrolein may contribute to diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy ( 14 , 15 ). Recently, Yao et al. found that treatment with hydralazine, an acrolein scavenger, attenuated neuroinflammation and
Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). For neurological diseases, the role of LCN2 has been implicated in diabetic encephalopathy and some other neurological diseases in animal models with