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Lukas Plachy
Lukas Plachy
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Petra Dusatkova
Petra Dusatkova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klara Maratova
Klara Maratova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Shenali Anne Amaratunga
Shenali Anne Amaratunga
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dana Zemkova
Dana Zemkova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vit Neuman
Vit Neuman
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stanislava Kolouskova
Stanislava Kolouskova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Barbora Obermannova
Barbora Obermannova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Marta Snajderova
Marta Snajderova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zdenek Sumnik
Zdenek Sumnik
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Lebl
Jan Lebl
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stepanka Pruhova
Stepanka Pruhova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Introduction Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is characterized by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) associated with a shortage of at least one other pituitary hormone ( 1 ). The etiology of CPHD is complex, including acquired
Fernanda A Correa
Fernanda A Correa
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Ericka B Trarbach
Ericka B Trarbach
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Cintia Tusset
Cintia Tusset
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Ana Claudia Latronico
Ana Claudia Latronico
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Luciana R Montenegro
Luciana R Montenegro
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Luciani R Carvalho
Luciani R Carvalho
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Marcela M Franca
Marcela M Franca
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Aline P Otto
Aline P Otto
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Everlayny F Costalonga
Everlayny F Costalonga
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Vinicius N Brito
Vinicius N Brito
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Ana Paula Abreu
Ana Paula Abreu
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Mirian Y Nishi
Mirian Y Nishi
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Alexander A L Jorge
Alexander A L Jorge
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Ivo J P Arnhold
Ivo J P Arnhold
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Yisrael Sidis
Yisrael Sidis
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Nelly Pitteloud
Nelly Pitteloud
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Berenice B Mendonca
Berenice B Mendonca
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Endocrinology, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42
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Introduction Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) are defined as the deficiency of two or more pituitary hormones. They can be associated with complex phenotypes such as cranial/facial midline defects and other extra-pituitary features
Marilena Nakaguma
Marilena Nakaguma
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Fernanda A Correa
Fernanda A Correa
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Lucas S Santana
Lucas S Santana
Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Anna F F Benedetti
Anna F F Benedetti
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Ricardo V Perez
Ricardo V Perez
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (HSPE-IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brasil
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Martha K P Huayllas
Martha K P Huayllas
Hospital de Transplantes Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini, São Paulo, Brasil
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Mirta B Miras
Mirta B Miras
Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Cordoba, Argentina
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Mariana F A Funari
Mariana F A Funari
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Antonio M Lerario
Antonio M Lerario
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Berenice B Mendonca
Berenice B Mendonca
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Luciani R S Carvalho
Luciani R S Carvalho
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Alexander A L Jorge
Alexander A L Jorge
Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Ivo J P Arnhold
Ivo J P Arnhold
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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deficiency (IGHD) to combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD). CH also varies with respect to hypothalamic–pituitary anatomy from normal magnetic resonance imaging to the presence of midline defects such as pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS
Izabelle Lövgren
Izabelle Lövgren
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Azadeh Abravan
Azadeh Abravan
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Abigail Bryce-Atkinson
Abigail Bryce-Atkinson
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Marcel van Herk
Marcel van Herk
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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. Damage to important brain regions, such as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, can lead to detrimental secondary effects such as hormone deficiency, which can further deteriorate the patient’s overall health ( 8 ). Figure 1 The intended effect of
Kevin C J Yuen
Kevin C J Yuen
Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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Gudmundur Johannsson
Gudmundur Johannsson
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ken K Y Ho
Ken K Y Ho
The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Bradley S Miller
Bradley S Miller
Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, M Health Fairview Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Ignacio Bergada
Ignacio Bergada
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alan D Rogol
Alan D Rogol
Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can present either as isolated GHD or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in children and adults. Childhood-onset GHD (CO-GHD) is often idiopathic
Caiyan Mo
Caiyan Mo
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Tao Tong
Tao Tong
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ying Guo
Ying Guo
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zheng Li
Zheng Li
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liyong Zhong
Liyong Zhong
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Introduction Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is due to the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) by pituitary adenomas, which stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and the long
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Biagio Cangiano
Biagio Cangiano
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Pfäffle R Klammt J . Pituitary transcription factors in the aetiology of combined pituitary hormone deficiency . Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011 25 43 – 60 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2010.10.014 ) 10
Stefan M Constantinescu
Stefan M Constantinescu
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Thierry Duprez
Thierry Duprez
Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Edward Fomekong
Edward Fomekong
Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Christian Raftopoulos
Christian Raftopoulos
Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Orsalia Alexopoulou
Orsalia Alexopoulou
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Dominique Maiter
Dominique Maiter
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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was present. Weakness was considered as potentially due to NFPMA in case of any pituitary hormone deficiency. Endocrinological and ophthalmological evaluation We evaluated endocrine status by serum levels of pituitary hormones with no
Nathalie Ly
Nathalie Ly
Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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Sophie Dubreuil
Sophie Dubreuil
Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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Philippe Touraine
Philippe Touraine
Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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defined as an insufficient GH peak during insulin tolerance test (ITT) (severe GHD if GH peak < 10 mU/L; partial GHD if GH peak between 10 and 20 mU/L). According to 2007 consensus guidelines, patients with three or more pituitary hormone deficiencies and
Mikkel Andreassen
Mikkel Andreassen
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Jørgensen
Niels Jørgensen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu Z Zhen J Nie M Min L Wu X. Congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients have better responses to gonadotrophin-induced spermatogenesis than idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients . Human Reproduction 2015 30 2031
