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aim of this article is to explore and review current evidence that associates PCOS with cardiometabolic abnormalities and possibly an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity and sleep disturbances
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( 19 , 20 , 21 ), and family history of CV risk is closely related to future CVD ( 22 , 23 ). Is there a synergistic effect of GDM and HDP on postpartum cardiometabolic risk? It has been reported that there is a significant link between
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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components, and related cardiometabolic risk factors, including measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). Cortisol may not be the only glucocorticoid involved in metabolic syndrome as humans also produce
O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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, HDP or co-existence of both pregnancy complications, on the risk of postpartum cardio-metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), abnormal glucose metabolism and hypertension (HTN). Methods Study population and design This was
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Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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distribution rather than total body adiposity ( 8 ) has been associated with differing levels of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk. Thus, studies have shown that an accumulation of visceral adipose tissue increases the risk of CMD ( 9 ), while the deposition
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Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
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Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
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Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
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a lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors including MS, cardiovascular inflammation and obesity (15) . Additionally, fiber intake improves gastrointestinal function and may prevent development of colorectal cancer (16) . Fiber intake from
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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mortality with higher levels of free testosterone, irrespective of algorithm, being associated with lower risk of the two outcomes. On the contrary, for FAI a less consistent pattern was seen in relation to cardiometabolic conditions. Only minor
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NASH had no significant bearing on outcomes ( 19 ). Unsurprisingly given the cardiometabolic risk factors inherent to the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in NAFLD ( 17 , 19 , 20 ). The intricate
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Introduction The current definition of overweight/obesity (OW/OB) using BMI has been questioned by current studies in adults, suggesting that BMI might not be the best indicator of cardiometabolic risk ( 1 ). The present definition of
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is also associated with a substantial increase in risk for long-term cardiometabolic disorders including obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary and other vascular disorders ( 4 ). There is also a