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Erika Peverelli Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Federica Ermetici Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Sabrina Corbetta Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Ettore Gozzini Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Laura Avagliano Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Marco A Zappa Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Gaetano Bulfamante Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Paolo Beck-Peccoz Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Anna Spada Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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Giovanna Mantovani Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Diabetology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Endocrinology Unit, Unit of Human Pathology, Surgical Department, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad.Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

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of different factors (1, 2) , which have been only partially elucidated. cAMP acts as an intracellular second messenger in the regulation of a number of different cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. It is known that cAMP

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0049
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Open access
Carolina Inda Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Natalia G Armando Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Paula A dos Santos Claro Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Susana Silberstein Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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been implicated in CRHR functions, including ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, PKA, Akt, NFkB, GSK-3b/Wnt, RhoA as well as other important signaling molecules such as cAMP, calcium, IP3 and nitric oxide/cGMP ( 10 ). Here, we review the principal characteristics

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0111
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Open access
Ying Xu Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Lei Li Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Jihong Zheng Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Meng Wang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Bopei Jiang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Yue Zhai Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Liumei Lu Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Cong Zhang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Zhe Kuang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaomei Yang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Li-Na Jin Department of Hematology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Gufa Lin Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Chao Zhang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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. Direct protein interactions between xlMC3Rs and xlMRAPs were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence assays in vitro . xlMRAPs exhibited a great impact on the cAMP production of xlMC3R.L/S stimulated by α-MSH. Additionally

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0179
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 11
Open access
Yufen Zhao College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China

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Erge Namei College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China

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Bingxue Yang College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China

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Xiangnan Bao Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, PR China
National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Industry, Hohhot, PR China

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Wei Sun Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, PR China

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Gerile Subudeng College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China

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Guifang Cao College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China

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Haijun Li College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China

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Gui Wang Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction Research Center, Hetao College, Bayannur, PR China

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intra-oocyte cAMP is considered the key factor in maintaining this state ( 8 , 9 ). Although oocytes can synthesize cAMP on their own, the peripheral cumulus cells (CCs) serve as the primary source of intra-oocyte cAMP, which is transmitted through gap

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0337
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Xue-Lian Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xinyi Zhao Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

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Yong Wu Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Wen-qing Huang Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Jun-jiang Chen Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Peijie Hu Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Wei Liu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yi-Wen Chen Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin Hao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Rong-Rong Xie Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Hsiao Chang Chan Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China

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Ye Chun Ruan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Hui Chen Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Jinghui Guo Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

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, which is MAS-dependent and requires an increase of cAMP ( 8 ). Interestingly, we have recently demonstrated that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl − channel, plays an important role in regulating the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0357
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Ren-Lei Ji Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Lu Huang State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Yin Wang Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Ting Liu Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Si-Yu Fan State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Min Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-Xiong Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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couples to the stimulatory G protein to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, leading to increased production of the intracellular second messenger cAMP to trigger downstream signaling. MCRs have been shown to interact with small single transmembrane

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0459
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 11
Open access
Irasema Mendieta Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

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Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Departmento de Psicoimunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico

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Lenin Pavón Departmento de Psicoimunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico

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Alfredo Rodríguez-Cruz Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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Guadalupe García-Alcocer Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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Laura Cristina Berumen Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

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mimic intracellular cAMP (i.e. 8-Br-cAMP, isobutylmethylxanthine and forskolin) ( 13 , 14 ), androgen depletion ( 15 ), interleukin 6 ( 16 ), ionising radiation ( 17 ) and contact inhibition promoted by a high cellular density ( 12 ). Although several

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0145
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
Beril Erdem Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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Angela Schulz Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany

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Emel Saglar Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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Ferhat Deniz Department of Endocrinology, SBÜ Sultan Abdülhamid Han Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Torsten Schöneberg Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany

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Hatice Mergen Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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resulting in the activation of the adenylyl cyclase and an increase of the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration. Elevated cAMP levels promote the phosphorylation of aquaporin type 2 water channels (AQP2) by protein kinase A (PKA), which

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0236
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Open access
Rachel Forfar Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Mashal Hussain Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Puneet Khurana Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Jennifer Cook Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Steve Lewis Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Dillon Popat Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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David Jackson Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Ed McIver Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Jeff Jerman Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Debra Taylor Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK

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Adrian JL Clark Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Li F Chan Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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through five known melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R) of the class A seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor family (GPCR) which, when activated, stimulate the production of intracellular cAMP ( 1 ). ACTH is the only endogenous agonist for MC2R

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0338
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Manon Engels Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Paul N Span Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, RIMLS, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Rod T Mitchell MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Joop J T M Heuvel Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Monica A Marijnissen-van Zanten Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Antonius E van Herwaarden Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Christina A Hulsbergen-van de Kaa Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Egbert Oosterwijk Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Nike M Stikkelbroeck Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Lee B Smith MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Fred C G J Sweep Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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survive because of corticoid production by adrenal-like cells in the testes, which Heikinheimo ( 20 ) and Pihlajoki ( 21 ) proposed might be similar to TART cells. Interestingly, GATA genes contain cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) sites, and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0215
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access